Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Emergency Med > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

List the 3 si/sx’s of an orbital floor “blowout” fracture

A
  1. Decreased VA
  2. Diplopia esp. w/ upward gaze=inferior rectus muscle entrapment
  3. Orbital emphysema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the imaging of choice to evaluate for an orbital floor fracture? Findings on CT?

A

CT- “Teardrop” sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 initial management/treatments in an orbital floor fracture?

A
  1. Nasal decongestants- decrease pain
  2. Avoid blowing nose
  3. Abx: Clindamycin or Ampicillin/Sulbactam
  4. Corticosteroids: reduce swelling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the MC type of retinal detachment?

A

Rhegmatogenous: Retinal tear–> retinal inner sensory layer detaches from choroid plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the MC predisposing factors in a Rhegmatogenous retinal tear?

A
  1. Myopia: Near-sighted

2. Cataracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Si/Sx’s of retinal detachment

A
  1. Photopsia: flashing lights
  2. Floaters
  3. PAINLESS unilateral vision loss: Shadow of “curtain coming down” in peripheral initially–>loss of central visual field
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Exam findings in retinal detachment

A
  1. Retinal tear: detached tissue “flapping” in vitreous humor
    • Shafer sign/tobacco dust: clumping of brown-colored pigment cells in ant. vitreous humor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Corneal abrasion si/sx’s

A
  1. FB sensation
  2. Tearing
  3. Red
  4. Painful
  5. Blurred vision, photophobia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Corneal abrasion treatment?

A
  1. Abx drops: Erythromycin, Polymyxin/Trimethoprim

2. Patch w/ large abrasion (>5 mm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Treatment for corneal abrasion in contact lens wearers

A
  1. Ciprofloxacin: covers pseudomonas

2. DO NOT PATCH THE EYE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

FB treatment

A
  1. Removal w/ sterile irrigation

2. Avoid sending pt’s home with topical anesthetics!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define Hyphema

A

Blood in anterior chamber
Painful
d/t trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hyphema treatment

A
  1. Keep head elevated
  2. Control IOP
  3. Optho consult
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is orbital cellulitis MCly 2ry to?

A

Sinus infections: Ethmoid=90%

-S. aureus, S. pneumo, GABHS, H. flu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Si/sx’s of orbital (septal) cellulitis

A
  1. Decreased vision (there are no vision changes in preseptal cellulitis)
  2. PAIN w/ ocular movements (no pain in preseptal)
  3. Proptosis/Exopthalmos
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Orbital cellulitis treatment

A
  1. IV abx: Vancomycin, Ceftriaxone, Clindamycin
  2. Hospitilization
  3. Surgical drainage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who is predisposed to acute narrow angle-closure glaucoma?

A

Pre-existing narrow angle or large lens=

  1. Elderly
  2. Hyperopes=Far-sighted
  3. Asians
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

List the main precipitating factor in acute narrow angle-closure glaucoma

A

Mydriasis (pupillary dilation further closes the angle)

  1. Dim lights
  2. Sympathomimetics
  3. Anticholinergics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

acute narrow angle-closure glaucoma si/sx’s

A
  1. Severe, sudden UNILATERAL OCULAR PAIN
  2. Vision changes: halos, tunnel vision
  3. Conjunctival eryrthema, “steamy cornea”
  4. Mid-dilated, fixed, nonreactive pupil
20
Q

Diagnosis of acute narrow angle-closure glaucoma

A

Increased IOP: >21 mmHg (normal is 10-20)

-Usu. 40-70

21
Q

acute narrow angle-closure glaucoma treatment

A
  1. Acetazolamide=1st line*: decreases IOP by decreasing aqueous humor production
  2. Topical beta blocker: Timolol
  3. Cholinergics/Miotics: Pilocarpine, Carbachol
22
Q

Retinal vein cclusion si/sx’s

A

UNILATERAL, PAINLESS blurred vision/visual loss

23
Q

Fundoscopic findings in Retinal vascular occlusion

A

“Blood and Thunder” retina= dilated veins, hemorrhage, edema, exudates

24
Q

Who is retinal artery occlusion MC in?

A

50-80 y.o. w/ ATHEROSCLEROTIC DZ

25
Retinal artery occlusion si/sx's
1. commonly preceded by Amaurosis fugax | 2. Acute, sudden, monocular vision loss
26
Retinal artery occlusion fundoycopic findings
Pale retina w/ cherry red spot
27
Retinal artery occlusion treatment
1. Decrease IOP: Acetazolamide | 2. Revascularization: Supine + Orbital massage
28
What is Giant Cell Arteritis highly associated with?
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
29
List the MC sx's of Giant Cell Arteritis
1. Headache=MC* 2. Jaw Claudication and mastication 3. Vision changes: Amaurosis Fugax 4. Thickened temporal artery 5. Fever
30
Giant Cell Arteritis diagnostic lab test?
ESR, CRP
31
Giant Cell Arteritis temporal artery bx findings
Mononuclear lymphocytic infiltration | Multinucleated giant cells
32
Giant Cell Arteritis treatment
High dose corticosteroids
33
Otitis externa treatment
1. Ciprofloxacin/Dexamethasone | 2. Aminoglycoside combo: Neomycin/Polytrim B/Hydrocortisone otic- NOT if TM perforation *
34
Complication of otitis externa
Osteomyelitis @ skull base 2ry to pseudomonas
35
MC organism in otitis media?
S. pneumo
36
Otitis media abx treatment
AMOXICILLIN x 10-14 days
37
Otitis media abx treatment if PCN allergy?
Macrolide: Erythromycin
38
Si/sx's of Labrynthitis
1. Vestibular sx's: Peripheral Vertigo, dizziness, N/V, gait disturbances 2. Cochlear sx's: Hearing loss, tinnitus
39
Labrynthitis treatment
1. Corticosteroids | 2. Antihistamines: Meclizine
40
Meniere's dz si/sx's
1. Episodic horizontal vertigo= lasting hrs 2. Tinnitus 3. Ear fullness 4. Flucturating hearing loss: primarily low-tone hearing loss 5. N/V
41
Meniere's dz treatment
1. Sx: Meclisine, diazepam, anticholinergics (Scopolamine) 2. Diuretics: HCTZ= reduce endolymphatic pressure 3. Avoid salt/caffine/ETOH (because they increase endolyphatic pressure)
42
What is the MC site of bleeding in an anterior nose bleed?
Kiesselbach's Plexus
43
What is the diagnostic TOC in acute sinusitis?
CT maxillofacial
44
Sinus radiograph findings in acute sinusitis?
Water's view
45
When would you give abx in treatment of acute sinusitis? what abx treatment?
>10-14 days 1. Amoxicillin x10-14 days* 2. Doxycycline or Bactrim=2nd line
46
Peritonsillar abscess abx treatment
1. Ampicillin/Sulbactam (Unasyn) | 2. Clindamycin
47
Ludwig's angina abx treatment
1. Ampicillin/Sulbactam (Unasyn) | 2. PCN + Metronidazole or Clindamycin

Emergency Med (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions