Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

H & P > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

Heartburn sx

A
  • Burning feeling in chest, behind breastbone
  • Chest pain after eating or lying down, frequently at night in bed
  • Burning sensation in throat, accompanied by bitter/sour taste
  • Sensation of something being stuck in chest or throat
  • Ongoing cough
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Indigestion sx

A
  • Feeling uncomfortably full
  • Burping & flatulence
  • Bouts of reflex
  • Bloating
  • Nausea, vomiting
  • Heartburn
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

GERD dominant sx

A
  • Heartburn

- Acid regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Odynophagia causes

A
  • Esophagitis
  • Foreign body
  • Pharyngitis
  • Achalasia (dysfunction of peristaltic contractions)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Character indications of odynophagia

A
  • Sharp/burning = mucosal inflammation (reflux, infection)
  • Sharp/sticking = mechanical (chx bone)
  • Squeezing/cramping = muscular (spasm, achalasia)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Common causes of nausea/vomiting

A
  • Early pregnancy
  • Stomach “bug”
  • Medications
  • Intense pain
  • Emotions
  • Gallbladder disease
  • Food poisoning
  • Overeating
  • Heart attack
  • Concussion/brain injury or stroke
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Types of abdominal pain

A
  • Visceral
  • Parietal
  • Referred
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

GI contours

A
  • Flat
  • Scaphoid
  • Distended
  • Protuberant
  • Symmetrical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bulges on inspection

A

Separation of rectus abdominus muscles can be seen as a ridge when pt is reclining into lying position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cullen’s sign

A

Intraperitoneal hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Grey Turner’s sign

A

Retroperitoneal hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where do you auscultate for friction rubs?

A

Liver & spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where do you auscultate for bruits?

A

Aorta, renal, iliac, femoral aa.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

To determine lower edge of liver

A
  • Begin at mid clavicular line over area of tympani & percuss upward to area of dullness (usually heard at costal margin)
  • Mark area of dullness w/ pen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

To determine upper edge of liver

A
  • Begin at mid clavicular line over area of lung & continue down until tympani turns to dullness (usually 5th to 7th IS)
  • Mark area w/ pen (distance btwn: 6-12 cm)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Checking for splenomegaly

A
  1. Check for splenic percussion sign

2. Splenic percussion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Checking for splenic percussion sign

A
  • Percuss at lowest interspace in left anterior axillary line (should be tympanic)
  • Ask pt to take deep breath & percuss again
  • If dullness is heard, pay attention to palpation of spleen
18
Q

Spenic percussion

A
  • Percuss left lower anterior chest wall from border of cardiac dullness at 6th rib to the anterior axillary line & down to the costal margin (Traube’s space)
  • Note lateral tympany
  • If prominent laterally, splenomegaly is not likely
19
Q

Palpation of liver edge

A
  • Place left hand under 11-12th posterior ribs/tissue
  • Have pt relax
  • Place R hand on pt’s RUQ, lateral to rectus muscle
  • Have pt take deep breath
  • Feel as it comes down w/ diaphragm

OR you can use “hooking technique”

20
Q

Palpation of spleen

A
  • Lies below 9th & 10th ribs
  • Normal spleen is non-palpable
  • If enlarged, it will migrate from LUQ to RLQ
21
Q

Deep palpation of abdominal aorta

A
  • Aortic pulsation slightly left of midline
  • Press firmly w/ one hand on each side of aorta
  • Periumbilical or upper abdominal mass w/ pulsations that expand > 3 cm = abdominal aortic aneurysm
22
Q

Percuss for shifting dullness

A
  • Ascitic fluid sinks w/ gravity
    1. Percuss outward in different directions from central area of tympany & map borders btwn tympany & dullness
    2. Ask pt to turn onto side. Percuss & mark borders again
  • There should be no change in borders
  • In ascites, dullness will shift to dependent position
23
Q

Rebound tenderness

A

Determines presence of peritoneal signs in acute abdomen

24
Q

Costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness

A
  • aka. Murphy’s punch sign

- Assesses for pyelonephritis

25
Q

Percussion of bladder

A
  • Located in the hypogastric region, percuss over the bladder & up toward the umbilicus
  • Dullness to percussion indicates a distended bladder
  • A full bladder is not usually able to be percussed
26
Q

Murphy’s sign

A

Test for acute cholecystitis

  • Place thumb or fingers at lower costal margin on the right, at the lower liver border & press upwards while the pt takes a deep breath
  • If pain is elicited, the pt will stop taking a breath & c/o pain = positive sign
27
Q

Ascites: Special tests

A
  • Shifting dullness

- Fluid wave

28
Q

Appendix: Special tests

A
  • Peritoneal irritation signs

- McBurney’s point

29
Q

Peritoneal irritation: Special tests

A
  • Rebound tenderness
  • Rectal exam
  • Rovsing’s sign
  • Psoas sign
  • Obturator sign
30
Q

Gallbladder: Special test

A

Murphy’s sign

31
Q

Bladder distention: Special test

A

Bladder percussion

32
Q

Testing for fluid wave

A
  • Have pt or assistant press edges of both hands firmly down on midline of abdomen
  • Place 1 hand on a flank & w/ the other hand, tap the opposite flank.
  • If fluid transmits, you should feel it
33
Q

Obturator sign

A
  • W/ pt in supine, examiner passively flexes R hip & knee
  • Leg is gently pulled laterally while maintaining position of knee –> internal rotation of hip
34
Q

Abdominal reflexes

A
  • Lightly but briskly stroke each side of abdomen, above (T8, T9, T10) & below (T10, T11, T12) umbilicus
  • Note contraction of muscles & deviation of umbilicus towards stimulus
35
Q

Anorectal exam

A
  • Pt placed in lateral position w/ knees bent
  • Glove & lubrication ready
  • Part buttocks & inspect anal area
  • Place lubricated finger at anal sphincter & ask pt to bear down
  • Insert finger towards umbilicus
  • Note sphincter tone & presence of fecal material
  • Insert finger as far as possible to palpate as much rectal wall as possible on 1 side then sweep the other direction
  • Perform hemoccult
36
Q

How long should you auscultate bowel before determining absent bowel sounds?

A

5 minutes

37
Q

What special tests can you perform to test for appendicitis?

A

Rebound tenderness in McBurney’s point

Rovsing sign

Psoas sign

obturator sign

38
Q

Psoas sign

A

have pt try to lift right leg as you try to push it down

Positive if: pain in RLQ when this is done

39
Q

Obturator sign

A

have pt supine, passively flex their right knee and hip, perform passive internal rotation

Positive if: pain in RLQ when this is done

40
Q

Murphy’s sign

A

test for acute cholecystitis

place fingers at right lower costal margin & press upwards while pt takes a deep breath

Positive if: pain is elicited

H & P (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions