Eyes - Abnormal findings Flashcards
Ptosis
- Eyelid drooping
- May be seen w/ CN III problem
What is the inability to close your eye completely?
Lagophthalmos
Chalazion
- Meibomian gland lipogranuloma
- Cyst of inner eyelid due to inflammation of a blocked meibomian gland
- Usually on upper eyelid
- Chronic, painless, points to inside of lid
Hordeolum
- External stye
- Due to infection of sebaceous gland at margin of eyelid
- Acute, painful
Xanthelasma
- Sharply demarcated yellow deposit of cholesterol under skin (around eyelids)
- Hereditary: More common in Asians or Mediterranean region
- May indicate high lipid levels
Periorbital cellulitis
Infection/inflammation of eyelid & skin around the eye
Orbital cellulitis
- Proptosis (bulging eye)
- Limited movement (ophthalmoplegia)
- Pain w/ eye movement
- Loss of vision
Exopthalmos (proptosis)
- Protrusion of eyes
- Rim of sclera btwn upper lid & iris visible
- Characteristic stare
- Associated w/ Graves disease
- Lid lag: rim of sclera above iris, lid lags behind eyeball
Episcleritis
- Episclera: btwn conjunctiva & sclera
- Abrupt onset
- More localized
Scleritis
- Gradual onset
- More severe
- Pain
- Loss of vision
- Associated w/ systemic autoimmune/inflammatory disease
Uveitis
- Inflammation of uveal tract
- Pain w/ consensual pupillary light reflex
- Limbic flush
- Associated w/ systemic autoimmune/inflammatory disease
Subconjunctival hemorrhage
- Painless
- Blood vessel breaks
What causes subconjuctival hemorrhage to occur?
- Injury
- Increased pressure
- Blood thinning meds
Hyphema
- Bleeding in ant. chamber
- Due to trauma
Acute angle closure glaucoma
- aka closed/narrow angle
- less common
- Results in sudden increase in IOP & eye pain
- Crescent shadow present*
Open angle glaucoma
- Common form
- IOP is increased but angle is normal
Convergent strabismus
- aka. esotropia
- eye moves inward
Divergent strabismus
- aka. exotropia
- eye moves outward
Horner’s syndrome
PAM (Ptosis, Anhidrosis, Miosis)
*Miosis & anhidrosis on AFFECTED side
Horner’s syndrome is a dysfunction of what?
- Dysfunction of SNS*
- May be congenital or associated w/ disease (ex. Pancoast tumor)
Tonic pupil
- Anisorcoria (affected pupil is larger)
- Mydriasis (reduced rxn to light)
- Reduced near vision
Tonic pupil is a dysfunction of what?
- Dysfunction of PNS*
- Most commonly affects young women
- Cause unknown
Nystagmus
- Horizontal, vertical, or rotary
- A few beats can be normal
Sustained nystagmus
- May be congenital &/or associated w/ inner ear or neurological disease
Papilledema
- Optic disc swelling
- Associated w/ increased intracranial pressure
Hypertensive retinopathy
“Dry” retina
- Few hemorrhages & exudates
- Multiple cotton wool spots
Diabetic retinopathy
“Wet” retina
- Multiple hemorrhages & exudates
- Few cotton wool spots
