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Medicine: Pharmacology > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

0
Q

Which class of drugs induce GI bleeding?

A

NSAIDs

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1
Q

An overdose of what drug causes acute liver cell necrosis?

A

Paracetamol

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2
Q

Common drugs causing constipation:

A

Codeine

Antidepressants

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3
Q

Phenytoin damages which organ ?

A

Liver

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4
Q

Tetracyclines damage which organ ?

A

Liver

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5
Q

Amiodarone damages which organ ?

A

Liver

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6
Q

Name 4 drugs which are known to increase GOR

A
  1. Anticholinergics (e.g. Ipratropium bromide)
  2. Calcium channel blockers (e.g. Diltiazem)
  3. Theophylline (COPD)
  4. Nitrates
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7
Q

Name 3 types of drugs that can induce vomiting:

A
  1. Opiates (e.g. Codeine)
  2. Dopamine agonist
  3. Cytotoxics
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8
Q

Which class of antibiotic can cause oesophageal irritation and dysphagia ?

A

Tetracyclines e.g. Doxycycline

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9
Q

What drug class is Gaviscon ?

A

Antacid

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10
Q

How does Gaviscon work?

A

Neutralises stomach acid, for,s raft over stomach contents to reduce reflux and protects oesophageal mucosa from regurgitation

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11
Q

Contraindication of Gaviscon ?

A 
Renal impairment (mg salts)
Hypophosphataemia
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12
Q

Possible interactions of Gaviscon ?

A
  • Decrease absorption of: ACE inhibitors, antibacterials, digoxin, iron
  • increases excretion of lithium
  • damages enteric coated tablets causing early induction
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13
Q

What class of drug is ranitidine ? How does it work ?

A

H2 antagonist - competitively inhibits histamine actions at all H2 receptors (inc. parietal cells), therefore inhibits histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretions -> reduction in gastric acid secretion

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14
Q

Indications for Gaviscon ?

A
  • mild symptoms of GORD
  • erosive oesophagitis heartburn
  • gastric/duodenal ulcers
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15
Q

Indications for ranitidine

A
  • benign gastric/duodenal ulcers
  • chronic episodic dyspepsia
  • GORD
16
Q

Side effects of ranitidine

A
  • diarrhoea
  • GI/LFT disturbances
  • headache/dizziness/fatigue
  • rash
17
Q

Possible interactions of cimetidine ?

A

Increased concentrations of anticoagulants, phenytoin, carbamazepine, quinidine, nifedipine, theophylline
(Acts on cyp450)

18
Q

What class of drug is omeprazole ? How does it work ?

A

PPI
- works by blocking hydrogen/potassium pump ATPase enzyme in parietal cells, inhibiting the proton pump and therefore inhibiting acid secretion

19
Q

Indications for PPIs

A
  • GORD
  • dyspepsia
  • oesophagitis
  • gastric/duodenal ulcers
  • H. Pylori eradication
20
Q

Contraindications of PPIs

A
  • liver disease

- breast feeding/ pregnancy

21
Q

Side effects of PPIs

A
  • GI disturbances
  • headache
  • rarely: dry mouth, peripheral oedema, pruritis
22
Q

Interactions of PPIs

A

Acts on cyp450 so increases concentrations of phenytoin, warfarin etc

23
Q

How are PPIs eliminated ?

A

80% renal

20% faecal

24
Q

What class of drug s loperamide, how does it work ?

A

Anti-diarrhoeal

- acts on opioid receptors in mesenteric plexus inhibiting Ach release - inhibits peristalsis

25
Q

Indications for loperamide ?

A 
Acute diarrhoea
Chronic diarrhoea (adults only)
26
Q

Contraindications of loperamide

A
  • active ulcerative colitis
  • antibiotic associated colitis
  • dysentery
27
Q

Side effects of loperamide ?

A
  • abdo cramps
  • dizziness/Fatigue
  • skin reactions
28
Q

Possible interactions of loperamide

A

Desmopressin

29
Q

What class of drug is Senna? How does it work ?

A

Laxative

  • hydrolysed in colon to produce glycoside derivatives
  • these directly stimulate the mesenteric plexus causing increased smooth muscle contraction
30
Q

What class of drug is mesalazine ? How does it work ?

A

Amino salicylate

- releases 5-ASA into bowel which acts as an anti-inflammatory

31
Q

Indications for mesalazine ?

A

Mild- moderate UC

32
Q

Contraindications of mesalazine?

A

Renal impairment

Medicine: Pharmacology (10 decks)

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