Emergency Drugs

Question 1

How does sodium chloride work ?

Answer 1

Provides the most important extra cellular ions in near physiological concentrations  
A gain in isotonic solution causes:
- gain in ECF
- no change in extra cellular sodium
- no fluid redistribution

Question 2

Indications for sodium chloride ?

Answer 2

Severe haemorrhage

Loss of isotonic fluid causes:

• decrease in ECF
• no change in extracellular sodium
• no fluid redistribution

Question 3

Indications for IV glucose 5% (dextrose monohydrate)

Answer 3

• water replacement when no significant loss of electrolytes
• to correct and prevent hypoglycaemia
• ## as part of regiments with calcium and insulin for emergency management of hyperkalaemia

Question 4

Side effects of prolonged administration of glucose solutions without electrolytes ?

Answer 4

Hyponatraemia & other electrolyte disturbances

Question 5

Side effects of large doses of sodium chloride ?

Answer 5

• sodium accumulation
• oedema
• hyperchloraemic acidosis

Question 6

Why would chlorphenamine be administered in an anaphylactic shock ?

Answer 6

Reduces angioedema

Question 7

What is given in opioid intoxication ?

Answer 7

Naloxone

Question 8

What drug class is sodium chloride ?

Answer 8

Isotonic fluid ( has same solute concentration as cells so does not cause osmotic movement)