GI

Question 1

What is the function of the mouth and oropharynx?

Answer 1

Chop food, lubricate it , start carbohydrate and fat digestion, propel food into oesophagus

Question 2

What is the function of the oesophagus?

Answer 2

Delivers bolus to stomach

Question 3

what is the function of the stomach?

Answer 3

Stores food temporarily , continues carbohydrate and fat digestion, initiates protein digestion, regulates the delivery of chyme to the small intestine

Question 4

what is the function of the small intestine?

Answer 4

Principle site of digestion and absorption of nutrients

Question 5

What is the function of the large intestine?

Answer 5

Reabosorbs fluids and electrolytes, stores faecal matter before regulated expulsion

Question 6

What are the accessory structures of the GI system?

Answer 6

Salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gall bladder (hepatobiliary system)

Question 7

Where does the foregut end?

Answer 7

In the duodenum at the site of the hepatobiliary junction

Question 8

Where does the midgut end?

Answer 8

The proximal 2/3rd of the transverse colon

Question 9

Pain in the foregut is generally in which region of the abdomen?

Answer 9

Epigastric

Question 10

Pain in the mid gut is generally in which region of the abdomen?

Answer 10

Umbilical

Question 11

Pain in the hindgut is generally in which region of the abdomen?

Answer 11

Suprapubic

Question 12

Name the three movements of motility

Answer 12

Propulsive, mixing, tonic

Question 13

Enzymes that medicate carbohydrate digestion

Answer 13

amylases and disaccharidases

Question 14

Enzymes that medicate protein digestion

Answer 14

proteases

dipeptidases

Question 15

Enzymes that mediate fat digestion

Answer 15

lipases

Question 16

Name the four layers of the digestive tract

Answer 16

Mucosa, submuscos, muscularis externa, serosa

Question 17

What are the pacemaker cells of the GI tract?

Answer 17

interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC’s)

Question 18

Where are interstitial cells of Cajal located?

Answer 18

between the longitudinal and circular muscle layers and in the submucosa

Question 19

What type of junctions do interstitial cells of Cajal form?

Answer 19

Gap junctions with each other and the smooth muscle cells

Question 20

What factors influence the slow wave amplitude reaching threshold?

Answer 20

Neuronal stimuli
Hormonal stimuli
Mechanical stimuli

Question 21

what is the myenteric plexus also known as ?

Answer 21

The Auerbach’s plexus

Question 22

What is the submucosal plexus also known as ?

Answer 22

The Meissner’s plexus. Messiness’ = miser = SUBmucosal ( keeps things low/ a miser is a tight bastard)

Question 23

What is an example of a local reflex in the GI tract?

Answer 23

peristalsis

Question 24

What is an example of short reflex?

Answer 24

intestino-intestinal inhibitory reflex

Question 25

What is an example of a long reflex?

Answer 25

gastroileal reflex

Question 26

Primary biliary cirrhosis is most common in what population and what antibody is present?

Answer 26

Females. Anti mitochondrial antibodies. ( Mums (female) pass their mitochondrial DNA - not linked to the condition, but helps you remember which antibody)

Question 27

Treatment for PBC?

Answer 27

Ursodeoxycholic acid - comes from urso meaning bear. Think Ursula the bear - female/AMA/ursodeoxycholic acid!