Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Medicine Yr 1 > Anatomy 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the two types of fibrous joints

A

Sutures

Fibrous sheets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is the interosseous membrane located?

A

Between the radius and ulna and also between the tibia and fibula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The coronal suture is an example of which type of joint?

A

Fibrous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name the to types of cartilaginous joints

A

Primary and secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give an example of a primary cartilaginous joint

A

Epiphyseal growth plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give an example of a secondary cartilaginous joint

A

Intervertebral discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are fontanelles?

A

Wide sutures in the neonatal skull. All the growing frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital bones to slide over each other in “moulding”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Intervertebral discs are made up of an outer ____ and an inner ____

A

Outer fibrous anulus fibrosus and an inner soft nucleus pulposus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

There are 7 typical features of synovial joints. Name at least 3 of these .

A

1/ 2 or more bones articulate with each other. 2/ The articular surfaces are covered by hyaline cartilage. 3/ A capsule wraps around the joint. 4/ Contains a joint cavity. 5/ Supported by ligaments 6/ Associated with skeletal muscle and their tendons 7/ Associated with bursa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ligament attaches ___ to ___

A

bone to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tendon attaches ___ to ___

A

Muscle to bone ( or vice versa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The synovial joint cavity contains what? and what is it’s purpose

A

Synovial fluid which lubricates the joint and provides nutrients to the hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 5 types of synovial joint? Give an example of each

A

1/ Pivot (atlanto-axial) 2/ Plane (acromioclavicular) 3/ Hinge (elbow) 4/ Ball and socket (hip) 5/ Biaxial aka saddle (carpometacarpal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is subluxation?

A

The reduction of the area of contact between articular surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is dislocation?

A

The complete loss of contact between articular surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Craniovertebral joint, TMJ and shoulder joints are ones that commonly…?

A

dislocate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The articulations of the TMJ are?

A

The mandibular fossa and the articular tubercle of the temporal bone superiorly and the head of the condylar process of the mandible inferiorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the special feature of the TMJ?

A

The articular disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A chin remaining in the midline suggests a unilateral or bilateral dislocation?

A

Bilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe the transverse thoracic plane

A

The plane between the sternal angle and T4/% vertebral interspace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The thoracic inlet is….

A

Bound by ribs 1, T1 vertebra and jugular notch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the area above the transverse thoracic plane ?

A

The superior mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is in the anterior mediastinum

A

The thymus gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the role of the thymus?

A

It produces T lymphocytes in childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Name a disorders of the thymus
thymoma, thymic carinoma, lymphoma
26
What are the structures of the middle mediastinum?
Ascending aorta, heart, pericardium, inferior part of the SVC, superior part of the IVC
27
What part of the mediastinum is the trachea located?
The superior mediastinum
28
where is the azygous vein located?
Arching anteriorly, superior to the lung hilum on the right side of the body
29
Name the branches of the ascending aorta
The coronary arteries
30
Name the branches of the arch of the aorta
The brachiocephalic trunk The left common carotid artery The left subclavian artery
31
Name the anterior branches of the thoracic aorta
``` Bronchial arteries oesophageal arteries mediastinal arteries pericardial arteries phrenic arteries ```
32
Name the bilateral branches of the thoracic aorta
Posterior intercostal arteries
33
Where does the RIGHT lymphatic duct drain into?
The right venous angle (25% of the body)
34
where does the thoracic duct drain into?
The left venous angle (75% of the body)
35
The recurrent laryngeal nerves is a branch of what?
the vagus nerve
36
Explain the route of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve
hooks under the right subclavian artery. It does not enter the chest.
37
Explain the route of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve
hooks under the arch of the aorta. Does enter the chest
38
The vagus nerve supplies... in the superior mediastinum
somatic sensory nerves for the laryngopharynx & larynx somatic motor nerves for the pharynx & larynx autonomic parasympathetic nerves for thoracic and abdominal organs
39
Name the three named parts of the lymphatic system
thoracic duct right lymphatic duct cisterna chyli
40
Name the superficial vein of the upper limb
cephalic vein
41
where is the carotid pulse located?
anterior to sterncleidomastoid muscle at the level of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage
42
where is the brachial pulse located?
medial to the biceps tendon in the cubital fossa.
43
where is the radial pulse located?
lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis
44
where is the femoral pulse located?
inferior to midpoint of the inguinal lingament
45
where is the popliteal pulse located?
in the popliteal fossa (immediately posterior to knee joint)
46
where is the posterior tibial pulse located?
between the posterior border o the medial malleolus and the achilles tendon
47
where is the dorsalis pedis pulse located?
medial to tendon of tensor hallucis longus distal to the ankle joint
48
What process do long bones develop through?
Endochrondral ossification : small hyaline cartilage version grows and turns into bone
49
Name the two features of the neck of the femur which contribute to an increased incidence of fracture
Less compact bone | Thin/angled structure
50
Name the 3 fossa of the floor of the cranial cavity
Anterior , middle and posterior cranial fossa
51
What is another name of the bones of the cranial vault?
neurocranium
52
What is another name of the bones of the facial skeleton?
viscerocranium
53
Name the bones of the skull
frontal, sphenoid, parietal, temporal, occipital
54
Name the bones of the facial skeleton
nasal bone, zygoma, maxilla, mandible
55
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
7
56
How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
12
57
How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
5
58
How many sacral bones are there
5
59
What is one of the functions of the intervertebral foreman
Protects the spinal nerve connecting the spinal cord
60
what is the C1 vertebra called?
Atlas
61
what is the C2 vertebra called
Axis
62
what is the other name for the C7 vertebra
Vertebra prominens
63
Name the three layers of the pericardium
Fibrous pericardium | Parietal layer + visceral layer = serous pericardium
64
What structure restricts the spread of the cardiac impulse
the cardiac skeleton
65
What is the cardiac plexus and what comprises it
A mixture of nerves that supplies the heart and includes sensory pain nerves and motor nerve which supplies the nodes and myocytes
66
What is fibrillation?
is an uncoordinated contraction of myocytes that results in inefficient pumping that can be fatal if affecting the ventricles
67
Name the four valves
tricuspid, aortic, pulmonary, mitral
68
Types of skeletal muscle
flat muscle, pennate, fusiform, quadrate, circular/sphincteral
69
What must a skeletal muscle do to move a joint?
Span the joint and attach to bones on both sides of the joint
70
Reflexes are...
protective
71
What is the neuromuscular junction
the synapse where the motor nerve communicates with the skeletal muscle
72
paralysis is..
a muscle without a functioning motor nerve supply. Cannot contract
73
spasticity is..
a muscle with an intact and functioning motor nerve. Over contraction of the muscle.
74
How many compartments are in the thigh?
3 - anterior, medial, posterior
75
How many compartments are in the leg?
3 - anterior, lateral, posterior
76
How many compartments are in the arm?
2 - anterior and posterior
77
How many compartments are in the forearm?
2 - anterior and posterior
78
Which cavity are the ovaries located?
Pelvic cavity
79
what is the pelvic inlet?
The way into the pelvic cavity from the abdominal cavity
80
what is the pelvic out
The way into the perineum from the pelvis
81
where is the vesico-uterine pouch
between the bladder (vesical) and uterus
82
where is the pouch of Douglas/ rectouterine pouch
most inferior part of the peritoneal cavity. Abnormal fluid in the peritoneal cavity will collect here in the upright position
83
name the three layers of the wall of the body of the uterus
perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium
84
Where does fertilisation occur?
In the ampulla of the uterine tube
85
where does implantation occur?
The body of the uterus
86
What gland plays a vital role in regulating female hormone production and the development of the ova?
The pituitary gland
87
Can STI's cause peritonitis?
Yes! It can ravel up the uterus, the uterine tubes and to the peritoneal cavity
88
What is an ectopic pregnancy?
The fertilised ovum implants outwith the uterine cavity. A potential emergency due to danger of haemorrhage
89
What is tubal ligation?
A type of female sterilisation. Both uterine tubes are clipped or cut or cauterised to occlude (block) the lumen
90
What is the prepuce?
The hood of the penis
91
where is the dartos muscle and what is it's function?
A smooth muscle in the superficial fascia of the scrotum. 1/ Wrinkles/thickens the scrotal skin 2/ reduces the surface area of the scrotum. Both to maintain the correct scrotal temperature in cold conditions
92
What is the function of the pampiniform venous plexus?
To drain deoxygenated blood from the testes
93
Name the structures of the upper respiratory tract
nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx
94
Name the structures of the lower respiratory tract
trachea, left and right main bronchus, lobar bronchi,segmental bronchi, bronchioles , alveoli
95
At what level of the vertebrae does the trachea begin?
C6
96
At what level of the vertabrae does the oesophagus begin?
C6
97
How many lung lobes are there in the human body and can you name them?
5 lobes. Left upper and lower and Right upper, middle and lower
98
What assists in keeping the airway patent?
C shaped hyaline cartilage in the trachea and bronchi
99
Name the structures of the nasal septum
Bony (posterior) part = ethmoid bone (superiorly and vomer (inferior). Hyaline cartilage septum
100
What is the skeleton of the larynx consisted of?
``` Cartilage: Epiglottis Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage 2 arytenoid cartilages ```
101
What is the rim glottidis?
The narrowest part of the larynx
102
What does the Heimlich manoeuvre aim to do?
Raise abdominal pressure - force the diaphragm superiorly - raise pressure in chest- raise pressure in lung- force air from lungs into trachea, force air through rim glottidis to expel foreign body out of URT
103
Name the conchae of the nasal cavity
Superior, middle, inferior.
104
What is the purpose of the conchae?
Increases surface area. Produces turbulent flow bringing air into contact of the walls.
105
Where are your tonsils located?
Within the mucosa lining of the pharynx
106
The true ribs are ribs ... to....
1 to 6
107
The false ribs are... to ...
7 to 10
108
The floating ribs are ... to ..
11 to 12
109
What are the muscles of mastication?
Masseter , temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid
110
How many types of papilla are there on the tongue? and what are their names?
4 - foliate, vallate, fungiform, filiform
111
What is the function of the buccinator?
To position the food bolus between the occlusal surfaces of the teeth for mastication
112
Name the 3 pairs of major salivary glands
Parotid submadibular, sublingual

Medicine Yr 1 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions