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NUR 238 > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

You are caring for a patient with a severe duodenal ulcer who suddenly complains of severe pain spreading over the abdomen, likely due to a perforation. What should be the most immediate intervention by the nurse?

A

Insertion of an NG tube

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2
Q

What is the most common cause of peptic ulcers?

A

H. Pylori

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3
Q

What hormone (that stimulates gastric acid secretion) is released by distention of the stomach?

A

Gastrin

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4
Q

What is Xerostomia?

A

Decreased saliva production in the elderly population

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5
Q

What is the characteristic sign of Peritoneal inflammation?

A

rebound tenderness

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6
Q

A patient with Gastritis from H. Pylori is generally put on which meds?

A

Antibiotic(s), proton pump inhibitor, and bismuth (Pepto Bismol)

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7
Q

What is tenesmus?

A

the sensation of incomplete bowel evacuation (associated with ulcerative colitis)

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8
Q

What is the “classic sign” of perforation of an ulcer?

A

Sudden “board-like” abdominal rigidity

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9
Q

What class of drugs can be a causative factor in GERD?

A

Anticholinergic drugs; because they may relax the esophageal sphincter

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10
Q

What genre of enzymes are secreted in the pancreas?

A

Pancreatic enzymes all end in “ayse”

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11
Q

What amount of blood flow is directed towards the GI system?

A

25-30%

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12
Q

What is the medical word for chewing?

A

Mastication

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13
Q

What is the medical word for swallowing?

A

Degluttition

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14
Q

What is the word for the “mixing” that takes place in the GI tract?

A

Segmentation

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15
Q

What is the word for the “propulsion” that takes place in the GI tract?

A

Peristalsis

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16
Q

What does Pepto-Bismol do?

A

Decreases secretions and has weak antibacterial effect. Used to prevent travelers diarrhea.

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17
Q

What does Mitrolan do?

A

Bulk-forming agent that absorbs excessive fluid from diarrhea to form a gel. Used when intestinal mucosa cannot absorb fluid.

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18
Q

What does Loperamide (Imodium) do?

A

Inhibits peristalsis, delays transit, and increases absorption of fluid from stool

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19
Q

What does Lomotil do?

A

Opiod and anticholinergic; decreases peristalsis

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20
Q

What is the action of Sandostatin?

A

Suppresses serotonin secretion; stimulates fluid absorption from GI tract and slows intestinal motility

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21
Q

What is a possible severe side effect of using antidirrheal meds too long?

A

Toxic megacolon

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22
Q

What is the definition of toxic megacolon?

A

Colon dilated greater than 5cm

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23
Q

When in the gastrocolic reflex (urge to poo) strongest?

A

Right after breakfast

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24
Q

What disease are patients with IBD at risk for?

A

Osteoporosis

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25
Q

What is the term to describe the normal portions of bowel between lesions in a patient with Crohn’s disease?

A

“skip lesions”

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26
Q

What is ERCP?

A

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography; it is a procedure that combines upper GI endoscopy and x-rays to treat problems of the bile and pancreatic ducts.

27
Q

Patients with which blood type develop duodenal ulcers more often than normal?

A

blood type O

28
Q

What does borborygmi mean and how is it spelled?

A

stomach growling; B-O-R-B-O-R-Y-G-M-I

29
Q

What does a pulsation felt between the umbilicus and the pubis indicate?

A

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

30
Q

What does elevated white blood count and right lower quadrant pain possibly indicate?

A

Appendicitis and possible rupture

31
Q

What is a “gallbladder series”?

A

Also called a “cholecystography”; it’s a series of xrays taken of the gallbladder to detect gallstones

32
Q

What are “Grey’s Turner spots”?

A

Areas of bluish eccymotic areas (bruises) on the flanks associated with pancreatitis

33
Q

What is “Cullen’s sign”?

A

Bluish periumbilical eccymotic discoloration associated with pancreatitis

34
Q

What is a T-Tube Cholangiogram?

A

When the gallbladder is removed, a special tube known as a T-tube is inserted into the duct that connects your liver to your small intestine. The T-tube cholangiogram is an x-ray examination of this passage.

35
Q

Patients with chronic gastritis may have a deficiency in which vitamin?

A

Vitamin B12

36
Q

What is amylase?

A

Amylase is made in the pancreas to break down carbohydrates in food into simple sugars.

37
Q

What is lipase?

A

Lipase is produced by the pancreas to digest fats into fatty acids.

38
Q

What will the nurse find on physical exam of the patient with chronic liver cirrhosis?

A

Hard, enlarged liver

39
Q

What is a normal amalyse level?

A

Normal blood amylase level is 30-122

40
Q

What is the normal lipase level?

A

A normal lipase level is 31-186

41
Q

What amalyse and lipase levels indicate pancreatic damage?

A

Blood levels more than four times normal levels of amylase (>450 U/L) and lipase (>400 U/L), likely indicate pancreatic damage or pancreatitis.

42
Q

What is a Choledocholithotomy?

A

Opening into common bile duct for

removal of stones

43
Q

What does an elevated alpha fetoprotein level indicate?

A

hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer)

44
Q

What is the normal level of alpha fetaprotein?

A

less than 10

45
Q

What is a “virtual colonosopy”?

A

A lower abdominal CT scan

46
Q

What is a necessary dietary requirement for a patient with Crohn’s disease?

A

An intake of 2-3 liters of water daily

47
Q

What are the 2 primary roles of the small intestine?

A

Digestion and absorption

48
Q

The kneading action of the circular muscles in the large intestine is technically termed what?

A

Haustral churning

49
Q

What is the role of Kupffer cells in the liver?

A

They carry out phagocytic activity; removal of bacteria and toxins from the blood

50
Q

What is billirubin?

A

It is a pigment derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin (by the Kupffer cells)

51
Q

What is the difference in conjugated and unconjugated billirubin?

A

Unconjugated is not soluble and must be transported to the liver by albumin; conjugated has been processed by the liver and is soluble

52
Q

What is Cheilosis?

A

Softening, fissuring and cracking of the lips at the angles of the mouth

53
Q

What is Pyorrhea?

A

Recessed gums with purulent pockets

54
Q

What is the “cardinal sign” of Appendicitis?

A

Pain at McBurney’s point

55
Q

Where is McBurney’s point?

A

Right lower quadrant

56
Q

A patient presents with severe abdominal pain. What lab value would be used to confirm a diagnosis of acute appendicitis?

A

Serum amalyase

57
Q

To palpate the patient’s liver, where should the nurse palpate the patient’s abdomen?

A

Right upper quadrant

58
Q

Colicky pain in the epigastric area and chest pain after eating fatty foods are signs of what disease?

A

Cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder)

59
Q

Rebound tenderness is indicative of what disease?

A

Peritoneal inflammation

60
Q

A jaundiced patient with elevated LFT’s indicates what?

A

Cirrhosis

61
Q

A low Calcium level is found in what GI disease?

A

Pancreatitis

62
Q

What is normal ALT range?

A

Normal ALT range is 7–56

63
Q

What is normal AST range?

A

normal AST range is 5–40

64
Q

Which clinical manifestation of pain does the nurse expect to identify in a patient who has cholecystitis?

A

Right upper quadrant pain radiating to the patient’s back

NUR 238 (17 decks)

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