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Histology > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

What are the oral cavity, oropharynx and laryngopharynx lined by?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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2
Q

What are the nasal cavity and nasopharynx covered by?

A

respiratory epithelium

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3
Q

What is the anterior 2/3 of the tongue covered by?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium, thin on ventral surface, thick and with papillae on the dorsal surface

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4
Q

What is the posterior third of the tongue covered by?

A

smooth stratified squamous epithelium which, except for the circumvallate papillae, lacks papillae

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5
Q

What else does the posterior third of the tongue have in its submucosa?

A

substantial lymphoid aggregates

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6
Q

Which type of papillae has no taste buds?

A

Filiform

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7
Q

Does the tongue contain crypts?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Describe the 4 major layers of the digestive tract, starting with the lumen and going out.

A

Mucosa: 3 parts

a. Epithelium: sits on a basal lamina
b. Lamina Propria: loose connective tissue
c. Muscularis Mucosae: thin layer of smooth muscle 2. Submucosa: loose connective tissue 3. Muscularis Externa: two thick layers of smooth muscle, an inner 	circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer 4. Serosa or Adventitia: outer layer of connective tissue that either suspends the digestive tract or attaches it to other organs
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9
Q

When is there an abrupt change in epithelium type in the digestive tract?

A

Abrupt transition from stratified squamous epithelium of oesophagus to the columnar epithelium of the cardia of the stomach

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10
Q

What are the gastric “holes”?

A

gastric pits

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11
Q

What are contained within the gastric pits?

A

1-7 gastric glands

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12
Q

What are gastric pits lined by?

A

by surface mucous cells

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13
Q

Are the cells of the gastric gland evenly distributed?

A

No

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14
Q

Going down the gastric gland, what is the order of its parts?

A

Pit, isthmus, neck, base

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15
Q

What part of the gland contains mostly parietal cells?

A

isthmus

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16
Q

What cells does the neck of the gastric gland contain?

A

mostly neck mucous cells and stem cells

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17
Q

What cells does the base of the gastric gland contain?

A

mostly chief cells, with a few parietal cells and neuroendocrine cells

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18
Q

What are neuroendocrine cells also called?

A

enteroendocrine cells

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19
Q

What do chief cells do?

A

secrete digestive enzymes

20
Q

What do parietal cells do?

A

Produce HCl

21
Q

What is the mucosa of the cardia of the stomach like?

A

Deep gastric pits that branch into loosely packed, tortuous glands

22
Q

What does the body of the stomach’s mucosa consist of?

A

Shallow gastric pits with long straight gastric glands

23
Q

What is the mucosa of the pylorus of the stomach like?

A

Deep gastric pits with branched, coiled gastric glands at a higher density than in the cardia

24
Q

What additional layer does the muscularis externa in the stomach contain and what is it for?

A

This layer is oblique to the usual circular and longitudinal muscle layers and is located internal to the circular layer. This layer aids the churning action of the stomach.

25
Q

When in the stomach is the the inner, circular layer of smooth muscle is markedly thickened?

A

pyloric sphincter

26
Q

What are found between the bases of adjacent villi?

A

pits ‘drilling’ downwards, the crypts of Lieberkuhn

27
Q

Which part of the small intestine is the longest?

28
Q

What does the duodenum contain in the submucosa?

A

Brunner’s glands

29
Q

Which part of the small intestine contains the tallest villi and where are they located?

A

located on permanent circular folds of the mucosa and submucosa, the plicae circularis.

30
Q

What is the ileum characterized by?

A

aggregations of lymphoid follicles called Peyer’s patches found in the submucosa and often extending into the lamina propria.

31
Q

Which Cells of the Small Intestinal Epithelium are the most numerous and the principle absorptive cell, and what are these like?

A

enterocytes, tall columnar cells with a brush border

32
Q

Which cells produce mucin to protect epithelium and lubricate passage of material?

A

goblet cells

33
Q

Which cells Found at the base of the crypts of Lieberkuhn, they have a defensive function?

A

paneth cells

34
Q

Which cells produce hormones that contribute to the control of secretion and motility?

A

neuroendocrine cells

35
Q

Which cells are found at the base of the crypts of Lieberkuhn and divide to replenish epithelium?

A

Stem cells

36
Q

What do Brunner’s glands in the duodenum do?

A

when stimulated by the presence of chyme they produce a thin, alkaline mucous to neutralise the chyme

37
Q

Are the plicae in the jejenum just mucosa?

A

No, submucosa too

38
Q

What are the 2 principles types of cells in the large intestine?

A

absorptive and goblet

39
Q

What do large intestine absorptive cells do?

A

For removal of salts and thereby water

40
Q

What do large intestine goblet cells do?

A

For the secretion of mucus to lubricate the colon

41
Q

How are large intestine cells arranged?

A

straight, tubular glands, referred to as crypts, that extend down to the muscularis mucosae

42
Q

in the large intestine, how is the outer, longitudinal smooth muscle found?

A

in 3 strips called teniae coli

43
Q

Is large intestine muscle distinct or continuous?

44
Q

What is the digestive tract’s nervous system called?

A

enteric nervous system

45
Q

Where are ganglia of the GI tract found?

A

between the 2 layers of the muscularis externa

46
Q

What is the interconnected network of fibres in the GI tract called?

A

myenteric plexus

47
Q

What network of neurons is found in the submucosa and what does it do?

A

submucosal plexus, controls the muscle of the muscularis mucosae and also helps regulate secretion in the epithelium

Histology (5 decks)

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