Cardiology

Question 1

What separates the tunica media and adventitia?

Answer 1

external elastic membrane

Question 2

Why are the largest arteries e.g. aorta termed elastic arteries?

Answer 2

contain many sheets of elastic fibres in tunica media to provide elastic recoil

Question 3

Why do large arteries have their own vascular supply?

Answer 3

only inner half of wall can obtain nutrients from lumen.

Question 4

What is the vascular supply large arteries called?

Answer 4

Called Vaso vasorum

Question 5

True or false: arterioles have many layers of smooth muscle in tunica media?

Answer 5

False - only have 1 or 2, and have almost no adventita

Question 6

What are capillaries composed of?

Answer 6

basal lamina and endothelial cells, may contain pericytes

Question 7

What are pericytes?

Answer 7

Connective tissue cells with contractile properties

Question 8

What are the 3 types of capillaries?

Answer 8

continuous, fenestrated and sinusoidal (discontinuous)

Question 9

Which type of capillary is most common?

Answer 9

continuous

Question 10

Where are continuous capillaries found?

Answer 10

skin, nerves, connective tissue, muscle, lungs

Question 11

Where are fenestrated capillaries found?

Answer 11

glomeruli of kidney, gut, endocrine glands

Question 12

Where are sinusoidal capillaries found?

Answer 12

liver, spleen, bone marrow

Question 13

What does the endocardium line?

Answer 13

entire inner surface of heart and its valves

Question 14

What is endocardium?

Answer 14

endothelium, basal lamina, thin layer of collagen fibres

Question 15

What is the myocardium?

Answer 15

Thick middle layer. Bundles and layers of contractile cardiac muscle fibres.

Question 16

What is the epithelium?

Answer 16

Outer layer of the heart. On the surface, this is a single layer of flattened epithelium called mesothelium. This contains a basal lamina and fibroelastic connective tissue and, in some places, adipose tissue.

Question 17

What are the 2 parts of the pericardium and what do they consist of?

Answer 17

Fibrous pericardium is a sac of tough fibrocollagenous connective tissue, while Serous pericardium is made up of a layer of simple squamous epithelium (termed mesothelium), backed by a basal lamina and connective tissue.

Question 18

What are the 3 types of cardiac muscle cells?

Answer 18

contractile, pacemaker and conducting

Question 19

Do pacemaker cells appear dark or pale histologically?

Answer 19

pale

Question 20

What has the important job of electrically isolating the atria from the ventricles

Answer 20

fibrous skeleton

Question 21

Are Purkinje fibres larger or smaller than normal cardiac cells?

Answer 21

larger

Question 22

Where are Purkinje fibres found?

Answer 22

in the subendocardial layer just deep to the endocardium

Question 23

What do lymphatic capillaries begin as?

Answer 23

blind sacs

Question 24

Do lymphatic vessels have a central pump?

Answer 24

No