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Histology > Anatomy of the Cell > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Cell Flashcards

1
Q

Which of these is essential to life: organelles or inclusions?

A

Organelles

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2
Q

What are the three main classes of filaments?

A

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules (thick filaments)

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3
Q

What are microfilaments composed of?

A

Actin

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4
Q

What are microtubules composed of and are they polar or non polar?

A

Tubulin, polar

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5
Q

Which 2 proteins attach to and move along microtubules?

A

Kinesin and dynein

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6
Q

What class of enzymes are kinesin and dynein?

A

ATPases

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7
Q

What are kinesin and dynein important in?

A

Movement of cell components with long processes

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8
Q

What is the nucleus enclosed by?

A

Nuclear envelope

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9
Q

What is the nuclear envelope composed of?

A

Inner and outer membrane with nuclear pores

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10
Q

Is the outer or inner nuclear membrane studded with ribosomes?

A

Outer

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11
Q

What lies between the outer and inner nuclear membranes?

A

Perinuclear cistern

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12
Q

Where is mRNA transcribed?

A

Nucleus

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13
Q

Where is rRNA transcribed?

A

Nucleolus

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14
Q

Where is tRNA transcribed?

A

Nucleus

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15
Q

Give the names of 2 DNA which are contained in the nucleus and name the one with is undergoing transcription.

A

Euchromatin (undergoing transcription), neterochromatin

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16
Q

What is the RER studded with?

A

Ribosomes

17
Q

Where are ribosomes formed?

A

Nucleolus

18
Q

What are ribosomes made of and what do its parts do?

A

Small subunit (binds RNA) and large subunit (catalyses formation of peptide bonds)

19
Q

Is the nucleus surrounded by a single or double membrane?

A

Double

20
Q

What colour do ribosomes stain in H and E stained light microscope preparation?

A

Blue

21
Q

What is the site of lipid synthesis?

A

Smooth ER

22
Q

What does this describe? “Group of flattened, membrane bound cisternae in sub-compartments with transport vesicles arriving from the SER.”

A

Golgi Apparatus

23
Q

Where are proteins which are to remain unpackaged in the cytosol synthesised?

A

Polysones

24
Q

“Folded inner membrane in mitochondrion” - what does this describe?

A

Cristae

25
Q

Do mitochondrion contain their own DNA for protein production?

A

Yes

26
Q

Are lipid droplets surrounded by a membrane?

A

No

27
Q

Are lipid droplets inclusions or organelles?

A

Inclusions

28
Q

What are the three types of intracellular junctions and what do they do?

A

There are 3 types of junctions:
Occluding junctions: link cells to form a diffusion barrier.
Anchoring junctions: provide mechanical strength.
Communicating junctions: allow movement of molecules between cells.

29
Q

What are occluding junctions also known as?

A

Tight junctions or zonula occludens

30
Q

What do transmembrane cadherin molecules bind to?

A

Each other in the extracellular space, and, through link molecules, to actin of the cytoskeleton.

31
Q

What do desmosomes do?

A

Link submembrane intermediate filaments of adjacent cells.

32
Q

Where are desmosomes very common, and what time of intracellular junction are they?

A

Skin, anchoring

33
Q

Link submembrane intermediate filaments of a cell to the extracellular matrix through transmembrane proteins - this describes what?

A

Hemidesmosomes

34
Q

What are communicating junctions also termed?

A

Gap junctions

35
Q

What produces the pores in communicating junctions?

A

connexon proteins

36
Q

Where are gap junctions found?

A

epithelium, cardiac and smooth muscle,

Histology (5 decks)

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