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Histology > Diversity of Cells and their Function > Flashcards

Diversity of Cells and their Function Flashcards

1
Q

Is endocytosis mediated?

A

often

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2
Q

What do phagosomes bind with?

A

lysosomes, forms phagolysosome

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3
Q

Where are sections cut to be viewed under a microscope?

A

microtome

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4
Q

What is haemotoxycylin?

A

basic dye, affinity for acids (turns them blue) eg nucleus

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5
Q

What is eosin?

A

acidic dye, affinity for bases e.g. proteins (turns them pink)

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6
Q

In what two ways are epithelia mainly seen?

A

as glands or sheets covering surfaces

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7
Q

What is a squamous shape?

A

flat

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8
Q

What does simple epithelium mean?

A

1 layer

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9
Q

What does stratified epithelium mean?

A

2 + layers

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10
Q

What does pseudostratified epithelium mean?

A

appears to me multilayered, but sits on basal lamina

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11
Q

How many main types of muscle cells are there?

A

3 (smooth, skeletal, cardiac)

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12
Q

What does glandular epithelia produce?

A

secretory products e.g. sweat

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13
Q

Where are secretory products released in endocrine glands?

A

Endocrine glands: product secreted toward the basal end of the cell (end sitting on basal lamina), then distributed by the vascular system throughout the body. Termed ‘ductless’ glands.

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14
Q

Where are secretory products released in exocrine glands?

A

Exocrine glands: product secreted toward the apical end of the cell either into the lumen of an internal space, into a duct, or onto the body surface. Termed ‘ducted’ glands.

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15
Q

Do endocrine glands have ducts?

A

no

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16
Q

What are the subtypes of connective tissue?

A

hard, soft (and blood and lymph)

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17
Q

What does the extracellular matrix is connective tissue consist of?

A

Fibres: collagen, reticular and elastic fibers
Ground substance: an amorphous, space occupying material made of huge unbranched polysaccharide molecules called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), most of which are bound to protein cores to form glycoproteins
Tissue fluid

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18
Q

What do cells of connective tissue consist of?

A

Fibroblasts
Adipose cells
Osteocytes
Chondrocytes: cells of cartilage

19
Q

What are fibroblasts?

A

widely distributed cells that produce and maintain the extracellular matrix.

20
Q

What are adipose cells?

A

fat cells, found scattered in many connective tissues, but predominant cell in adipose tissue (fat)

21
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

cells of bone

22
Q

What are chondrocytes?

A

cells of cartilage

23
Q

How can soft connective tissue also be classified?

A

dense or loose

24
Q

Where does cartilage receive nutrients from?

A

from adjacent tissues by diffusion through its matrix

25
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage and what defines them?

A

hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage. Defined by extracellular matrix

26
Q

Which is the most common type of cartilage and where is it found?

A

Hyaline, found in Articular surfaces
Tracheal rings
Costal cartilage
Epiphyseal growth plates

27
Q

What makes up the shaft of bone?

A

An outer shell of dense cortical bone (diaphysis)

28
Q

What occupies the ends of the bone (the epiphyses)?

A

trabecular or cancellous (fine aero-bar like mesh) bone

29
Q

What is force within muscle produced by?

A

movement of actin fibres over myosin fibres, with the aid of a number of accessory proteins.

30
Q

What is smooth muscle also called?

A

involuntary or visceral

31
Q

Does smooth muscle have visible striations?

A

No -that’s why it is smooth

32
Q

Which type of muscle has a cigar shaped nucleus?

A

Smooth

33
Q

What are skeletal muscles also called?

A

voluntary or striated muscle

34
Q

Are skeletal muscle single or multinucleated?

A

Multi

35
Q

What is the cell membrane called in muscle cells?

A

sarcolemma

36
Q

What are nuclei in skeletal muscle like?

A

elongated, lie to periphery of cell

37
Q

Are cardiac muscle striations more or less prominent than skeletal muscle?

A

less

38
Q

In which type of muscle do intercalated discs pass through at irregular intervals?

A

cardiac

39
Q

What does nervous tissue consist of?

A

neurones and glia

40
Q

What is the ratio of glia to neurons?

A

10:1

41
Q

What is the connective tissue coat called in the CNS?

A

Meninges

42
Q

What is the connective tissue coat called in the PNS?

A

Epineurium

43
Q

What are the 3 main types of glia in the CNS and what do they do?

A

Astrocytes: support, ion transport

Oligodenrocytes: produce myelin

Microglia: provide immune
surveillance

44
Q

What are the principal glia in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells

Histology (5 decks)

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