GI 2 Flashcards
Gastroenteritis
- What is it?
- 2 main causes
- Transmitted how?
- Inflammation of the stomach, small intestine and colon.
- Infectious (Usually viral), but could also be toxic due to alcohol poisoning.
- Transmitted by food, water, and person contact.
gastroenteritis- 2 viral causes
- Norovirus is the #1 cause.
- Epidemic diarrhea for 3 days.
- Causes 90% of adult cases - Rotavirus. 2nd most common viral cause in children. More severe than norovirus in children. Mild in adults.
Vaccine in available.
Gastroenteritis- 2 bacterial causes
Jejuni and salmonella.
- Uncooked poultry, raw milk.
- Guillain Barre, IBS and reactive arthritis.
E coli
-Due to contaminated food.
Intestinal obstruction is common where in intestine
Signmoid colon.
Ileus
- What is it?
- More common in kids or adults?
- Causes
- avoid what
- Peristaltic paralysis.
- More common in infants/children.
- # 1 cause is abdomen surgery.
- Avoid opioids and anti ach drugs. Tx with IV fluids.
Gluten sensitive/celiac
- What type of hypersensitivity
- Signs and symptoms
- increased risk for what
Type 4
Atrophy of mucosal villi = decrease nutrient uptake.
Chronic fatigue, weight loss, anemia.
Increased risk of intestinal lymphoma.
IBS
-What kind of disorder
Functional disorder, no pathologic findings. Autoimmune.
Recurrent
Tx with increased fiber, exercise, stress reduction.
Two forms of IBS
- What do they both have in common?
- Ocular findings.
- Tx
Chrons and ulcerative.
- Both have episodic bloody diarrhea.
- Autoimmune causes
- Family history
- 10% have ocular findings: Conjunctivitis, episcleritis, uveitis.
- Tx with immunosuppressive or surgery.
Chrons
- What kind of inflammation
- Type of lesions?
- Location in GI tract
Granuloma inflammaton
Deep, across wall, skip lesions.
Anywhere in GI tract
Ulcerative colitis
- What kind of inflammation
- Type of lesions?
- Location in GI
- Non granuloma inflammation
- Superficial mucosal lesions that are continuous. 1 big wound.
- Only in colon.
Diverticulosis
More common in western countries with low fiber diet, decreased activity/obesity.
Blind pouch that develop in weak spots of wall.
Most asymptomatic, usually in sigmoid colon
Acute appendicitis.
- Who does it affect?
- Causes
10% of pop. Teens and males.
Right lower quadrant pain
Obstruction= pressure increases= blood flow hindered= edema, ischemia, necrosis and bacterial overgrowth. May rupture and cause peritonitis.
What can cause peritonitis (2 groups)
1. Infectious Ruptured appendix Bowerl perforation Ascites- excess fluid in abdomen Salpingitis- inf of fallopian tubes.
- Sterile
Chemical irritation
Acute pancreatitis
Colorectal cancer is the 2nd leading cause of
Cancer deaths.
Risk factors for colorectal cancer
Age
genetics
men= women
DIET high protein and fat, low fiber.
