GI 1

Question 1

4 main types of oral cavity diseaes

Answer 1

1. Caries. Bacterial erosion.
2. Periodontal disease. Bacterial invasion of gums. Strong association with teeth loss. More so than caries.
3. Cancer- oral or oropharyngeal
4. Salivary gland tumor or sialadenitis (inflammation of salivary gland due to viral or autoimmune diseases)

Question 2

Dysphagia vs achalasia

Answer 2

Dysphagia- Inability to swallow

Achalasia- painful swallow

Question 3

What could occur in the esophagus that causes bleeding

Answer 3

Mallory Weiss Tear- longitudinal rip associated with vomiting. Heals quick.

Varicies- more concerning. Seen in people with chronic liver disease due to back flow of the portal veins= engorge and rupture = rapid blood loss = shock/death

Question 4

What percent of adults have GERD

Answer 4

20%

Question 5

GERD cause and results/symptoms

Answer 5

Abnormal function of sphincter due to smoking, caffeine, pregnancy or hiatal hernia.

Results in inflammation (barrett’s esophagus) and metaplasia (change in tissue)

Question 6

Hiatal hernia occurs in __% of adults over 50

Symtoms?

Answer 6

60%
Rarely have symptoms. Maybe heart burn.

Associated with age, obesity, smoking.
Tx with meds. If gastric strangulation occurs, get surgery.

Question 7

What is gastritis

Answer 7

Inflammed gastric mucosa in the stomach, widespread.

Acute is more common than chronic.

Question 8

Cause of gastritis

Symptoms?

DX?

Answer 8

Inflammation, steroids, alcohol abuse, cocaine abuse, autoimmune, highs tress.

Maybe asymptomatic, decrease appetite, pain, nausea.

Dx with endoscopy

Question 9

Dx if pt is vomiting “coffee grounds” or have melena (dark feces)

Answer 9

Think gastric or duodenal ulcers. Likely due to H pylori or alc/nsaid use.

Question 10

Where are peptic ulcer diseases likely to occur?

Answer 10

20% stomach
80% duodenum

Chronic, recurrent, deep, solitary (just 1 or 2) AKA discrete defects

Question 11

__% of adults infected with H pylori

Answer 11

50

Only 10-20% develop ulcers.

Question 12

H pylori causes __% of gastritis

Answer 12

90

Question 13

How to dx and tx H pylori

Answer 13

DX: Blood test, ammonia smelling breath, biopsy, stool test

TX: protein pump inhibitors or antibiotics.

Question 14

4 key GI tract characteristics

Answer 14

Open to environment
Populated by lots of bacteria
Mechanically compledx
Richly vascular

pathologies could arise due to these components.

Question 15

Strong association between oral/oropharyngeal cancers and

Answer 15

Smoking**
Alcohol
Age

Question 16

75% of oral cancers are

Answer 16

Squamous cell carcinoma.

Question 17

Oropharyngeal cancers. 70% are from

Answer 17

HPV

Question 18

Sialadenitis (inflam of salivary glands) can be due to

Answer 18

Viral infection- mumps

Auto immune disease- Sjogrens, SLE

Question 19

What percentage of salivary tumors are benign

Answer 19

75%

Question 20

Hematemesis

Answer 20

Throwing up blood

Question 21

Barrett’s esophagus

Answer 21

Inflammation of the esophagus and change in tissue from squamous to columnar/goblet. Metaplasia.

Question 22

Indications for bariatric (overweight) surgeries

Answer 22

BMI over 40
100 lbs overweight
BM over 35 and at least 2 obesity related co-morbities

Question 23

Obesity related co-morbidities

Answer 23

DM type II
HTN
Sleep apnea 
Fatty liver disease
Lipid abnorms 
Heart disease

Question 24

4 bariatric surgery types

Answer 24

1. Y gastric bypass. Gold standard. Y is the shape they make with remaining intestine.
2. Banding. Reduces size of stomach.
3. Sleeve. Cut out 80% of stomach, rest of plumbing stays in tact.
4. Duodenal switch with diversion. Combo of Y gastric bypass and sleeve (cut out 80% of stomach). Fancy