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Microbio Test 3 > GI 2 > Flashcards

GI 2 Flashcards

1
Q

macconkey agar

A

lactose fermentation
positive=red
negative = white

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2
Q

e.coli on macconkey agar

A

positive red

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3
Q

salmonella or shigella on macconkey agar

A

negative white

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4
Q

positive indole test

A

red color change (indole production)

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5
Q

negative indole test

A

no color change (no indole production)

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6
Q

e.coli or vibrio spp. on indole test

A

positive red color change

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7
Q

salmonella on indole test

A

negative no color change

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8
Q

black precipitate

A

hydrogen sulfite production

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9
Q

salmonella v. shigella

A

salmonella= black precipitate

shigella = no precipitate

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10
Q
  • gram negative faculative anaerobe
  • moderately invasive
  • watery diarrhea
  • pediatric diarrhea in developing countries
A

EPEC

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11
Q

virulence of EPEC

A
  • no toxins
  • BfpA bundle forming pilus
  • Type III secretion system
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12
Q

pathogenesis of EPEC

A
  • bac injects Type III secretion
    “attaching and effacing”
    system prtns directly into host cells
  • bac produced intimin binds to Tir and creates tight interaction
  • F actin polymerization causes a loss of brush border ( less absorption of liquid –> diarrhea)
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13
Q

lactose positive indole positive

A

e. coli, use PCR to determine which type

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14
Q
  • gram negative
  • faculative anaerobe
  • non-invasice
  • travelers’s diarrhea
  • diarrhea in children in developing world
A

ETEC

“t for travelers”

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15
Q

virulence factors for ETEC

A
  • fimbriae
  • LT heat liable toxin
  • ST heat stable toxin
  • plasmid encoded
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16
Q

pathogenesis of ETEC

A
  • adherence to the cell with fimbriae/pili produces two toxins LT and ST
  • LT finds it way to activate adenylate cyclase and increase cAMP –> efflux of electrolytes and water follows (diarrhea)
  • ST increase cGMP and same efflux of water and electrolytes
17
Q

diagnosis of ETEC

A
  • clinical history

- DNA probe to detect LT and ST encoding gene

18
Q

full name of s. typhi

A

salmonella enterica serovar typhi

19
Q

is salmonella inflammatory?

20
Q
  • gram negative faculative anaerobe
  • motile rods, flagellated (h antigen)
  • acid tolearant
  • intracellular pathogen
A

salmonella typhi

21
Q

reservoir of salmonella typhi

22
Q

infectious dose of salmonella typhi

A

10tothe5th - 10tothe6th

  • survive only in high number because acid tolerant, not resistant
23
Q
  • fever with headache
  • rising fever over 3 days
  • typhoid fever
  • followed by GI symptoms
A

salmonella typhi

24
Q

where does salmonella typhi chronically colonize

A

gall bladder

25
Q

pathogenesis of salmonella typhi

A
  • adherence to Mcells and enterocytes
  • type III secretion system mediated uptake into M cell (macrophage) with membrane ruffling
  • escape macrophage and cause bacteremia
26
Q

diagnosis of salmonella typhi

A

culture of stool and blood samples on selective media

27
Q

treatment of salmonella typhi

A

antibiotic therapy with fluroquinolones, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or broad spectrum cephlosporin

28
Q

prevention salmonella typhi

A
  • drink only bottled water, thoroughly cooked food avoid raw frutis and vegetables
  • vaccination for travelers (capsule or injection)
29
Q

differences between s. typhi and nontyphoidal salmonella

A

same, but nontyphoidal is not as human adapted

30
Q
  • symptoms 6-48 h post ingestion
  • nausea and vomiting followed by abdominal cramps and watery diarrhea
  • perisistent diarrhea for 3-4 days
  • 50% fever
A

nontyphoidal salmonella

31
Q

how is pathogenesis of non-typhoidal salmonella different than s. typhi?

A

after entry into macrophages there are 2 scenarios

  • rapid killing of macrophage which confines the infection and causes diarrhea
  • carriage in macrophage (immunocompromised) leading to systemic dissemination
32
Q

how does a culture of nontyphoidal salmonella appear?

A 
non-lactose fermenting (white on MacConkeys)
produces H2S (black precipitate)
33
Q

treatment salmonella gastroenteritis from non-typhoidal salmonella

A 
electrolyte replacement
NOT antibiotics (enhances carrier state)
34
Q

nontyphidal salmonella systemic infection treatment

A

anitbiotic therapy

35
Q

gram-negative rod, curved or ‘sea-gull shaped’

  • microaerophilic
  • invasive
A

campylobacter jejuni

36
Q

ulceration and acute enteritis
water diarrhea
sepsis
guiliain-barre sequelae

A

campylobacter jejuni

37
Q

acute immune mediated polyneuropathy

-progressive fairly symmetric muscle weakness accompained by absent or depressed deep tendon refleces

A

guillain-barre syndrome

38
Q

diagnosis campylobacter jejuni

A

selctive media in a microaerophilic environment

39
Q

treatment campylobacter jejuni

A

supportive

antibiotic if severe with microlide

Microbio Test 3 (14 decks)

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