export_gi roundworms parasites ii

Question 1

Q

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Enterobius vermicularis

Answer 2

Pinworm

Most common helminthic infection in the U.S.

Question 3

Geohelminths, two groups

Answer 3

Nematode infection acquired via infected soil

Ingestion of infectious eggs OR penetration of skin by infectious larvae

Question 4

Which geohelminth infections are the result of ingesting infectious eggs?

Answer 4

Ascaris

Trichuris

Question 5

Which geohelminth infections are the result of penetration of the skin by larvae?

Answer 5

Strongyloides

Hookworms

Question 6

Enterobius vermicularis life cycle

Answer 6

Eggs on perianal folds, fecal-oral transmission, embryonated infective egg stage, eggs hatch in small intestine and larvae migrate to large intestine, penetrate into mucosa and mature into adults, females lay eggs in perianal region

Question 7

Pinworm infection transmission from other reservoirs (pigs, etc.)

Answer 7

Does NOT occur; pinworms from animals cannot infect humans

Question 8

Symptoms and diagnosis of enterobius vermicularis infection

Answer 8

Perianal itching
Secondary bacterial infection

Identification of eggs

Question 9

Enterobius vermicularis treatment

Answer 9

Anti-helminthic compounds, two treatments (second one ~2 weeks later)
Treat ALL household members

Question 10

Trichuris trichiura disease

Answer 10

Whipworm

Question 11

Trichuris trichiura life cycle

Answer 11

Excretion of one-cell eggs, cleavage in external environment (3 weeks), ingestion of infective stage egg, eggs hatch in small intestine, migrate to large intestine and penetrate mucosa, adults in cecum, female starts laying eggs after ~3 months

Question 12

Symptoms of Trichuris trichiura

Answer 12

Heavy worm burden (>200 worms)
Dysentery

Rectal prolapse in children

Question 13

Trichuris trichiura diagnosis

Answer 13

Identification of eggs in stool

Question 14

Ascaris lumbricoides disease

Answer 14

Ascariasis

Question 15

Ascaris lumbricoides life cycle

Answer 15

Excretion of fertilized one-cell egg, cleavage in external environment (10-14 days), ingestion of infective stage eggs, into circulation (lungs), adults in small intestine, egg production in 60-75 days

Question 16

Ascariasis symptoms

Answer 16

Range from abdominal discomfort to death (rare)

Indigestion, loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, heavy infections can result in physical obstruction

Question 17

Ascariasis pulmonary disease

Answer 17

Pneumonitis, asthmatic attack, eosinophilia

Question 18

Ascaris lumbricoides diagnosis

Answer 18

Eggs in stool, larvae in sputum

Question 19

Necator americanus disease

Answer 19

Hookworm

Question 20

Ancylostoma duodenale disease

Answer 20

Hookworm

Question 21

Hookworm life cycle

Answer 21

Excretion of egg, hatches in soil, penetrates skin, travels via circulation to lungs and is swallowed as it travels up to pharynx, adults attach to small intestine, lay eggs

Question 22

Hookworm symptoms

Answer 22

Iron-deficiency anemia
Protein malnourished

Moderate dermatitis from penetration of the skin

Pneumonia and eosinophilia in the lungs

Question 23

Hookworm diagnosis

Answer 23

Examine eggs in stool

Examination of adult worms or larvae necessary to distinguish between Necator and Ancylostoma

Question 24

Strongyloides stercoralis disease

Answer 24

Strongyloidiasis

Question 25

Unique feature of Strongyloides stercoralis

Answer 25

Free-living

Can multiply in the host and in the environment

Question 26

Strongyloides stercoralis transmission

Answer 26

Penetration of skin by infectious larvae
Auto-infection can occur, as infectious larvae can penetrate the intestine, enter the bloodstream, and re-initiate infection

Question 27

Symptoms of strongyloidiasis

Answer 27

Epigastric pain, tenderness, bloating, heartburn
Pulmonary inflammation

Hyperinfection if immune system fails to get rid of it, worsens symptoms, can become disseminated (most common in immunosuppressed)

Question 28

Diagnose Strongyloides stercoralis

Answer 28

Detection of LARVAE in stool

Question 29

Enterobius vermicularis eggs

Answer 29

Flat on one side

Question 30

Trichuris trichiura eggs

Answer 30

Lemon/barrel

Question 31

Ascaris lumbricoides eggs

Answer 31

Lumpy, bumpy

Question 32

Hookworm eggs

Answer 32

Boring/plain