GI

Question 1

PPI - omeprazole (prilosec)

Answer 1

blocks basal and stimulated acid production and reduced gastric acid and the enzyme that causes it
treats peptic ulcer disease GERD
possible risk of pneumonia, bone fracture, inc risk of C diff
rebound hypersecretion
hypomagnesemia
take in the AM before food
swallow whole no crush or chew
dec epigastric pain and heart burn
can take 7 days for full effect

Question 2

H2 blocker - cimetidine (tagamet)

Answer 2

Blocks action of histamine at the H2 receptors of the stomach decrease the amount acidity
Prevent gastric and duodenal ulcers, GERD, and hypersecretory conditions
Diarrhea, dizzy, drowsy, HA,

Question 3

laxatives general concepts

Answer 3

treats constipation
encourage bowel movements by acting on the intestinal wall
bloating, gas, tummy cramps, feeling sick, dehydration

Question 4

bulk forming laxatives (metamucil)

Answer 4

bulk forming soften fecal mass and acid bulk
treatment of constipation short term
dec diarrhea in IBS, control stool w pts who have ostomy
diarrhea, abdominal cramping, obstruction
separate from other medication administration by at least 30 min up to 2 hours
monitor for therapeutic reactions

Question 5

docusate sodium (colace)

Answer 5

lowers surface tension of stool to allow water in
treatment of constipation and fecal impaction
diarrhea, abdominal cramping interfere w absorption of fat soluble vitamins
monitor for therapeutic and on therapeutic reactions
monitor fluid and electrolyte imbalance

Question 6

bisacodyl (dulacolax)

Answer 6

stimulates intestinal peristalsis and inc water to intestines
treatment of constipation due to opiod use
diarrhea, abdominal pain, cramping, nausea, dizziness, headache, weakness, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, laxative dependence
monitor therapeutic effect and electrolytes

Question 7

loperamide (imodium)

Answer 7

targets opiod receptors in GI to decrease intestinal motility and increase H20 absorption
control and symptomatic relief of acute non specific diarrhea and chronic diarrhea w IBS
dec volume in ileostomies
abdominal pain, distention, discomfort, dry mouth, constipation and drowsiness
monitor for non therapeutic reactions and electrolytes

Question 8

ondansetron (zofran)

Answer 8

block those receptors associated w N/V
prevent or treat mod to severe N/V associated w chemotherapy, radiation, and posteroperative status
diarrhea, HA, dizzy
do not remove from blister pack until ready to administer
do not push through the foil peel back
give 1 hr before chemo or surgery verbal report of dec N/V
may impair thinking or reactions
use w caution w driving or other tasks requiring mental alertness
teach about administration esp ODT

Question 9

sucralfate (carafate)

Answer 9

forms a protective barrier that adheres to ulcer so it can heal
short term treatment and maintenance of active duodenal ulcer treatment of oral or esophageal ulcers
constipation
make sure that administered at least two hours away from other medications
take 4x a day 1 hr before meals and at bedtime
can dissolve in water do not crush or chew
complete full treatment

Question 10

antacids general concepts

Answer 10

neutralizing the acid in the stomach and by inhibiting pepsin
Acid reflux
Diarrhea
Flatulence
Stomach cramps
Feeling sick or vomiting
Take 1 hour after eating when you have heartburn