GI

Question 1

Osmotic diarrhea

Answer 1

Stops when the patient is fasting

Question 2

Secretory diarrhea

Answer 2

Persists when the patient is fasting

Question 3

Causes of bloody diarrhea

Answer 3

Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, C. Difficile, enterohemorrhagic E. Coli (EHEC). Y. Enterocolitica

Question 4

2 y/o previously healthy M presents with sudden onset brisk, painless rectal bleeding. What is the most likely diagnosis? What study is most likely to diagnose the source of bleeding?

Answer 4

Meckel’s diverticulum
Meckel scan

Question 5

Preterm infant born <36 weeks GA has developed feeding intolerance, abdominal distention, and red stool. What is the most likely diagnosis? What lab findings will be present? What will imaging show?

Answer 5

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
WBC with left shift, thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
AXR: fixed dilated loop of bowel, pneumatics is intestinalis

Question 6

Preterm born at less than 36 weeks GA was found to have blood in stool. What is the treatment?

Answer 6

NPO
IV abx (prevents sepsis and peritonitis)
Gastric decompression

Question 7

What is an omphalocele?

Answer 7

Midline abdominal wall defect through the umbilical involving umbilical cord
Shiny translucent membrane covering small intestine and possibly other abdominal organs

Question 8

What is gastroschisis?

Answer 8

Full thickness abdominal wall defect to the right of umbilicus
No sac or membrane covering herniated intestine
Typically only small bowel herniates but can have other abdominal organs

Question 9

Celiac disease associated diseases

Answer 9

T1DM, autoimmune endocrinopathies, IgA deficiency, connective tissue disorders, Down syndrome, Turner syndrome