GI - 12

Question 1

Alimentary Canal vs Accessory Digestive Organs

Answer 1

alimentary = mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

accessory = teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas (aid in break dow of food)

Question 2

6 processes of the Disassembly Line

Answer 2

1. ingestion
2. secretion
3. motility (mixing/propulsion of food and secretions)
4. digestion
5. absorption
6. defecation

Question 3

Teeth

Answer 3

16 + 16 =32
-deciduous = baby teeth and permanent

-incisors = cutting
-canines = tearing
-premolars = crushing
-molars = grinding

LABEL - slide 10

Question 4

Components of the Tooth

Answer 4

enamel: made of calcium salts, protects tooth from wear and tear

dentin: (calcified connective tissue) makes up majority of tooth

pulp cavity: contains pulp (connective tissue containing nerves and blood vessels)

periodontal ligament: helps anchor tooth to jaw bone

-teeth nerves = cn 5 –> maxillary and mandibular branches

Question 5

Mechanical Digestion

Answer 5

completed by teeth, cheeks, tongue, muscles, saliva

Question 6

Chemical Digestion Glands

Answer 6

saliva - from bilateral ducts =
1. parotid gland (serous with amylase)
2. submandibullar gland (serous with amylase)
3. sublingual gland (mucous with lipase)

-salivary amylase = polysaccharids to disaccharides -deactivated in stomach
-lingual lipase = triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol (activated in stomach)

Question 7

Chemical Digestion Chemicals

Answer 7

-1.5L saliva/day
99.5% = water
0.5% =
amylase (starch)
lipase (fat)
mucin (protect and lubricate)
lysozome (antimicrobial)
IgA (antibody)
electrolytes (buffer)

Question 8

Taste (gustation)

Answer 8

10,000 taste buds form papillare (raised projections on tongue)

1. foliate = lateral margins of tongue, degenerate in childhood
2. filiform = whole surface of tongue

FINISH

Question 9

Where do Taste Messages go

Answer 9

CN 7 = ant 2/3
CN 11 = posterior 1/3
CN 10 = throat and epiglottis
CN 5 = tactile sensation

Question 10

Olfaction (smell)

Answer 10

-special receptor cells for odorants
-olfactory glands produce mucus
-perception of smell in temporal cortex but does nto synapse in thalamus

Question 11

3 Phases of Deglutition (swallowing)

Answer 11

oral phase: oral cavity and tongue, bolus moves to posterior, voluntary, deglutition is dominant to respiration (cant breath and swallow)

pharyngeal phase: soft palate (nasal cavity protect) and epiglottis (trachea protect), UES relaxes, irreversable step; all or none, deglutition reflex initiated by oropharynx stretch

esophageal phase: UES contracts again, perstalsis to stomach, LES relaxes, ends when LES allows bolus into stomach

GERD is last

Question 12

Esophagus layers

Answer 12

1. mucosa at lumen
2. submucosa (nerves, vessels, lymph)
3. muscularis (circular and longitudinal)
   -peristalsis
4. adventitia (connective tissue)

Question 13

Mucosa

Answer 13

• Epithelium – protection or secretion
• Lamina Propria – connective tissue
• Muscularis mucosa – ↑ surface area

Question 14

Submucosa

Answer 14

• Connective tissue layer
• Nerves, vessels, lymphatics

Question 15

Muscularis

Answer 15

• Inner circular – pinch
• Outer longitudinal – shrink
• Mouth to middle esophagus
  and external anal sphincter =
  skeletal = voluntary
• The rest = smooth =
  involuntary

Question 16

Serosa

Answer 16

• Connective tissue
• Visceral peritoneum on organs in the
  abdominal cavity
• Adventitia in the esophagus

Question 17

finish

Answer 17

tongue muscles