GI Flashcards
nutri maintenance for healthy adults
sick neonatals
30 to 40 kcal/kg per day
are approximately 50 kcal/kg per day
Difference between Type I and type II cytokines
Type 1 proinflammatory
type 2 antiinflammatory
difference type 1/2 T-helper cells
Th1: cellular mediated response: stimulate cytotoxic cells and macrophages
Th2: humoral med response (allergies, parasites) - stimulate mast cells - histamine
does age have an impact on outcome of colitis?
significant association between
_advanced patient age and nonsurvival in horses with coliti_s,
with an 11.8% increase in mortality for each year the horse aged
In contrast, a previous study found no association between age and outcome in horses presented with colitis..
bc of proinflammatory state of inflammaging, as supported by higher IL-6 and TNF-α plasma concentrations ??
Can SAA be a predicitve value in colic?
SAA concentrations in horses with Equine Grass Sickness (regardless of subgroup) and inflammatory causes of colic (enteritis, colitis, peritonitis)
were significantly higher than concentrations in healthy horses, cograzers, or horses with noninflammatory types of colic
These results indicate that SAA can be used to differentiate EGS from surgical colic.
the rest is not relevant
Is there another blood marker than lactate that might aid in identification of stranguating versus non strangulating obstructions?
Alcohol dehydrogenase
- ADH activity was significantly greater in horses with any type of colic than in control horses.
- ADH activity levels were significantly different between horses with a nonstrangulating obstruction, and those with any type of strangulating lesion.
An optimal cutoff for identifying strangulating lesions was set at an ADH concentration of 20 U/L, which yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 80.5% and 80.6%, respectively.
Hypertonic saline versus pentastarch in preoperative colics?
outcome similar but
Hypertonic Saline decreased PCV twice as much as did pentastarch
and
poss side effects of Pentastarch
and cost
Lidocaine post colic surgery and in association with ischemia and reperfusion injury
tintraoperative administration of lidocaine at the time of reperfusion injury may improve the response of small intestine to postoperative administration.
However, they also imply that IR injury may have a detrimental effect on smooth muscle response to lidocaine.
blood value prediciting endotoxemia?
close correlation between sCD14 concentrations and clinical evidence of endotoxemia
NOT LPS
Lidocaine treatment in endotox?
Horses received 500 ng/kg of LPS via intraperitoneal injection, followed by a constant rate infusion of either saline (control) or lidocaine.
Lidocaine was found to significantly decrease the clinical signs associated with endotoxemia.
>>> significantly lower serum and peritoneal concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a
Is Biosponge useful postoperatively in large colon colic?
S_ignificantly fewer horses in the Bio Sponge grouped_ developed postoperative diarrhea compared with the placebo group.
However, no difference in the clinical parameters associated with endotoxemia was noted between groups.
potency of flunixin and metacam post GI surgery?
in a randomized clinical trial comparing FM (1.1 mg/kg every 12 hours intravenously) and meloxicam (0.6 mg/kg every 12 hours intravenously) in horses admitted to 3 veterinary referral hospitals, there was a significant difference in the ability of the 2 medications to control pain in that
horses receiving meloxicam were significantly more likely to show gross signs of pain
effectiveness of lidocaine as a prokinetic post colic surgery?
conflicting evidence
