Getting the most from reactants 1 and 2 Flashcards
When making new products, industrial chemists have to think about …
the cheapest and most efficient way eof doing so in order to maximise profit
Give the bullet points of things that must be considered to maximise efficiency and profit
- availability
-sustainability - cost of feedstocks
- product yield
-marketability of by-products - Recycling
- Energy requirements
Define green chemistry
the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and production of hazardous substances
What are the main principles of gree chemistry:
- Waste prevention
- More efficient energy products i.e. fewer steps and by products improving atom economy
- Less use of hazardous and toxic chemicals
- Safer processes and priducts
- Design products which can be degraded in the environment
- Use of more specific catalysts to reduce enrgy requirement
What can be used to quantify the efficiency of a process
percentage yield and atom econonmy
What is yield
the final, usable product of a process
The higher the percentage yield …
the more efficient a process is
What is the atom economy
Atom economy compares the proportion of reactant atoms that end up in a useful product compared to the number that end up as waste
if the by-products of a reaction can be used…
the atom economy is improved and therefore the overall efficiency can be considered even higher
Give reasons why yield may not be 100%
- The reaction may not go to completion; soem of the reactants are not converted into products
- Slide-reactions, that produce by-products may occur
- difficulty in purifying the product which can lead to product loss
What is molar volume
is the volume occupied by one mole of a gas when measured at a given temperature and pressure.
