alcohols

Question 1

what are the 3 main alcohol classifications

Answer 1

primary secondary tertiary

Question 2

describe primary alcohols

Answer 2

the carbon atom with the hydroxyl group is attached to one other carbon atom

Question 3

describe secondary alcohols

Answer 3

the carbon atom with the hydroxyl group is attached to two other carbon atom

Question 4

describe tertiary alcohols

Answer 4

the carbon atom with the hydroxyl group is attached to three other carbon atom

Question 5

alcohols with two hydroxyl groups are referred to as

Answer 5

diols

Question 6

alcohols with three hydroxyl groups are referred to as

Answer 6

triols

Question 7

are the boiling points of diols and triols high? Why?

Answer 7

high

strong hydrogen bonding

Question 8

the more OH groups…

Answer 8

the higher the boiling point as ther is more hydrogen bonding which is strong and in increasing numbers requires more and more energy to break.

Question 9

Why are large alcohol molecules less or not soluble

Answer 9

the london dispersion forces between the hydrocarbon parts of the alcohol molecules are stronger than hydrogen which makes it more difficult for large alcohol molecules to dissolve

Question 10

why are smaller alcohol molecules more soluble

Answer 10

the presence of the OH group in both the alcohol and water molecules results in strong hydrogen bonding between the molecules

Question 11

what is the functional group of the carboxylic acids

Answer 11

COOH

Question 12

summarise neutralisation reaction of carboxylic acids

Answer 12

Carboxylic acids neutralise bases to form salts. The salt produced depends on the base reacted. The name of the salt always end in -oate