Getting The Most Flashcards
What is the molar volume
The volume occupied by one mole of any gas at a certain temperature and pressure
(Litres mol^-1)
Molar volume (Vm) is the same
For all gases at the same temperature and pressure
How are industrial processes designed
To maximise profit and minimise the impact on the environment
Factors influencing industrial process design
- feedstock cost, availability and sustainability
- recycling
- energy requirements
- marketability of by-products
- product yield
Environmental considerations include
- minimising waste
- avoid using or producing toxic substances
- design biodegradable products
How is efficiency with which reactants are converted to products measured
Percentage yield and atom economy
Theoretical yield
The quantity of desired product obtained as calculated from the balanced equation
Actual yield
The quantity of desired product formed under the prevailing reaction conditions
% yield formula
% yield = (actual / theoretical)x 100
Atom economy
Measures the proportion of the total mass of all starting materials converted into the desired product in the balanced equation
% atom economy formula
% atom economy formula = (mass of desired product / total mass of reactants) x 100
Reactions with a high percentage yield may have
Low atom economy value if large quantities of by-products are formed
