Germany - Control and opposition Flashcards
What were the three branches of the SS ?
- kirpo
- the gestapo
- the SD
What did the kirpo do ?
carried out general policing duties
What did the gestapo do ?
secret state police, hunted down the Nazis opponents. The Gestapo law of 1936 allowed the Gestapo to do anything they wanted. They would imprison people without trial.
What did the SD do ?
intelligence arm of the SS, headed by Reinhard Heydrich
Who was head of the SS ?
Heinrich Himmler
Where were potential SS members trained ?
Junker schools
How many members of the SS were there in 1939 ?
about 250,000
Explain the Nazi court system
Hitler set up the peoples court in 1934, there were Nazi judges and no juries. over 250,000 people were imprisoned due to these courts.
Where and when was the first Concentration camp set up ?
Dachau, March 1933
Explain how Nazis used Concentration Camps
The decree for the protection of the people and state allowed people to be placed into the concentration camps. These people were kept under very harsh conditions
What was the volksgemeinschaft ?
A peoples community
Summaries the impact of the police state
- people were afraid to say something wrong
- Nazis believed in clan responsibility
- all opposition was crushed
- people were scared but liked having no ‘enemies of the state’
Who was Josef Goebbels ?
The minister of popular enlightenment and propaganda
What did Goebbels establish to help him with his job ?
The Reich chamber of culture
Explain the Nuremberg rallies
Huge gatherings of Nazis, light sound and costume shows, up to 500,000 people attended.
When were the Olympics held in Berlin ?
1936
Name four things that were censored during the Nazi Rule
- cinema, theatre and music
- exhibitions of degenerate art were held
- jazz was condemned
- 20,000 books by banned authors were burned in Berlin
What was Eher Verlag ?
The nazi newspaper publishers, it owned 69% of the newspaper titles
Explain the editors law
Held newspaper editors responsible for the info they published in their papers.
Explain radio stations during Nazi times
The Nazis controlled all the radio stations. Cheap radios (people’s receivers) were made. Germany had one of the highest radio ownership in the world 70%
Name two Nazi propaganda films
- the eternal jew
- triumph of the will
Where the Nazi attempts of censorship successful ?
yes - The public allowed them to implement their policies
no - Attacks on the church backfired
What have studies shown about the support of the Nazis in certain areas ?
- They were hugely popular in rural protestant area
- popular among the lower and middle classes
- less likely to be supported by the urban working folk
- the young were likely to be keen Nazis
When was the concordat signed ?
July 1933
Explain what the concordat meant
The catholic church would not involve itself in politics and the Nazis would let it operate as usual
When and how did the Nazis break the concordat ?
1936 the rights about the youth groups were being ignored
Who were the German Christians lead by ?
Ludwig Muller
When was the confessional church set up ?
1933
Who was the leader of the confessional church ?
Niemoller arrested in 1937 and sent to Dachau
What was the Nazi religion called ?
German faith movement, only had 200,000 members (worshipped the sun and weird stuff)
Name 3 opposition youth groups
- edelweiss pirates
- Leipzig hounds
- swing youth
Explain the swing youth
- grew long hair
- danced to jazz
Explain the edelweiss pirates
- wore checked shorts and shorts
- hung around parks and committed vandalism
Explain the Leipzig hounds
- communist group
- listened to the Moscow radio
