Germany 1918 - 1945 Flashcards
When did WW1 end?
1918
What period was the Weimar Republic
1918 - 1933
When did Stresemann become Chancellor of Germany
1923
When was the Wall Street Crash and what did it lead to
1929
A worldwide depression
When did Hitler become Chancellor of Germany
1933
What period was the Third Reich
1933 - 1945
When did WW2 begin
1939
When was Germany defeated by the Allies
1945
When did Hitler kill himself
1945
How much was national income in Germany in 1918 compared to 1913
1/3
How many widows and children were without fathers by the end of the war?
600,000 widows and 2 million children
How much was industrial production in 1918 compared to 1913
2/3
When was the revolution in Germany
October - November 1918
Who was the heroic leader that many ex-soldiers and civilians believe had been betrayed by the weak democratic leaders?
Field Marshal Hindenberg
What town did sailors mutiny and take over after the Kaiser refused to agree to the Allied conditions
Kiel
Where was the Socialist Republic first declared
In Bavaria
When did the Kaiser Abdicate and where did he go to
9 November 1918
the Netherlands
Who became the leader of the Republic of Germany
The socialist leader - Friedrich Ebert
When was Germany’s first free election
January 1919
How old did you have to be to vote under the Weimar Republic
All Germans over 20 could vote
What allowed the German president to rule in a crisis and what did this allow him do
Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution
This gave him emergency powers and he did not need to consult the Reichstag
What does Putsch mean
rebellion
When was the Kapp Putsch
March 1920
Who was the leader of the Kapp Putsch
Dr Wolfgang Kapp
Where was the Kapp Putsch
Berlin
How many people were led into Berlin during the Kapp Putsch
5000 Freikorps
Who was Walther Rathenau and when was he assassinated
Ebert’s foreign minister
summer 1922
When was the Munich Putsch and who was its leader
November 1923
Adolf Hitler
What was the name of the communist government in Germany and who were its leaders
The Spartacists
Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxenberg
Who was the leader of Bavaria and what happened to him
Kurt Eisner
Assassinated in February 1919
How many communists were killed in the Bavarian uprising
600
How many casualties in the communist Ruhr uprisings
2000
What did Germany lose according to the terms of the treaty of Versailles
10% of its land
All its overseas colonies
12.5% of its population
16% of its coal and 48% of its iron industry
What was Germany’s military reduced to according to the treaty of versailles
army reduced to 100,000
not allowed to have an airforce
navy was reduced
When did the Allies announce the amount Germany had to pay in reparations
April 1921
How much did Germany have to pay in reparations
£6600
What percentage of Germany’s output did the reparations take
2%
How much reparations did Germany pay in 1921
The first instalment of £50m
How much did Germany pay in reparations in 1922
Nothing. They tried to stall for time but France was inpatient and invaded the Ruhr
How many workers did the French kill over passive resistance
How many protesters did the French expel from the region
100 workers
100,000 protesters
How much was a loaf of bread in 1918
How much was a loaf of bread by the end of 1923
1918: 0.63 marks
1923: over 200billion marks
When did Gustav Stresemann’s government come into power
August 1923
When was the Dawes plan agreed
1924
How did Stresemann resolve the economic crisis. 3 points
Called off passive resistance
Burnt all worthless marks and replaced them with a new currency - rentenmark
Negotiated to receive loans under the Dawes plan ad even renegotiated reparation payments
When did Stresemann call of passive resistance in the Ruhr
November 1923
