Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

D3 > Germany > Flashcards

Germany Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main climate of Germany?

A

Cool continental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is site selection important?

A

Due to the high latitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What plays a moderating effect on the cool climate?

A

-Rivers (Rhine)
-Radiate heat, moderating temperatures and extending the growing season

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the best exposure for vineyards?

A

-South-facing slopes to maximise sun exposure
- can be very steep up to 70% gradients in Mosel)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the winters like in Germany?

A

-Cold, allows eiswein production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a risk in spring?

A

-Frost, rivers and plantings on slopes to mitigate the effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What about rainfall?

A

-500-800 mm of which lots falls in summer
-risk of: fungal disease, dilution of grapes and when heavy storms: hail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the autumns like in Germany?

A

-long&dry extending the growing season
-grapes can accumulate high levels of sugar suitable for Pradikatswein
-morning mist from river can help botrytis develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 2 mountains in Germany, what do they do?

A

-Taunus&Haardt
-shelter vineyards from cold winds & worst rain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which soil type is predominant in the Mosel&Ahr? describe its features

A

-dark-coloured slate
-retains heat during the day&radiates the heat during the night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which grape varieties grow best on calcareous soils?

A

-Spatburgunder, weissburgunder & chardonnay in baden, pfalz & rheinhessen
-in Franken, Silvaner grows best on calcareous soils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which soil does grauburgunder prefer?

A

-heavier clay soils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a major problem in the Mosel and Rheingau regarding soils?

A

-Erosion on steep slopes
- soils&rocks need to be placed back on the slopes = high costs for vineyard maintenance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many ha under vine does Germany have?

A

100.000
around 9 million hl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why is good canopy management important?

A

-to maximise sun exposure
-air circulation to reduce risk of disease caused by wet summers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What shift has there been regarding grape varieties?

A

-From 90% white to 39% red in 2017
- ince 1990s more interest in Grau & weissburgunder and to lesser extent in chardonnay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why is Riesling so popular in Germany?

A

-can survive the cold german winters
-late budding with thick wood -> fairly frost resistant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When does Riesling ripen? What does this mean?

A

-Late-ripening
-needs good sun exposure & dry autumns
-cooler years and sites: may not fully ripen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is greater consistency in terms of ripening Riesling achieved?

A

-Improved vineyard management techniques
-rising temperatures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What about the acidity levels in Riesling?

A

-High
-Maintains high acidity levels, even when fully ripe
-provides good balance in sweet wines
-ageing potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What about sugar levels in Riesling?

A

-Can develop high natural sugars
-also susceptible for botrytis
- suitable for sweet wine production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why was Muller Thurgau developed?

A
  • To have a grape variety that ripens earlier than riesling in a cool climate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the characteristics of Muller Thurgau?

A

-High yielding -> inexpensive blends such as liebfraumilch
-lower acidity and structure than riesling
-simple floral&fruity aroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which style of spatburgunder can be produced in Germany?

A

-High quality, complex, often oak aged (less new oak)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is a winemaking technique which can be used for spatburgunder?

A

-Whole bunch fermentation
-to add tannins from stems without the use of oak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the style of Dornfelder? describe the 2 styles

A

-deep in colour
-high acidity
-fruity&floral notes
-style 1: fruity, early drinking, can have little residual sugar, sour cherry and blackberry
-style 2: complex style, ageing potential,lower yielding, focus on tannin&structure and fermented/aged in oak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

In which areas is Dornfelder successful?

A

-Rheinhessen and Pfalz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the style of Silvaner?

A

-lower in acidity and less aromatic than Riesling
-high volume, inexpensive wines
-green to tropical fruit
-when yields controlled: high quality, dry, earthy character

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Where is Weissburgunder grown? Describe the style

A

-Pfalz, Baden, Rheinhessen
-very good quality with aromas of citrus and stonefruit
-medium (+) acidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Where is grauburgunder grown? Describe its style

A

-Pfalz, Baden, Rheinhessen
-sometimes oak aged
-very good quality, medium acidity, stonefruit and tropical, sometimes dried fruit
-dry & med body to sweet & full body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Since when is Chardonnay allowed? producing which style?

A

-1990
-high quality often oak aged from warmer areas: Kaiserstuhl in Baden and Southern Pfalz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What about the crossing Scheurebe, why is this variety successful?

A

-others too high levels of sugar and lower acidity = no balance
-scheurebe= full bodied, ripe grapefruit and peach with lower acidity than Riesling but still age worthy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are 2 common practices regarding winemaking with inexpensive high volume wines?

A

-enrichment (up to 3% abv and 2% in baden, not allowed in pradikatswein)
-de-acidification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What winemaking technique can be used for premium Riesling?

A

-fermentation and maturation in old oak vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Which type of oak is used in Germany?

A

-German oak for large oak vessels (1000 litres fuder of Mosel or Oval shaped 1200 ltr)
-French oak for small barriques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Why is stainless steel the main fermentation vessel in Germany?

A

-for inexpensive wines: easy temp. control, cleaning and use of large vessels + no oxygen and addition of flavours
-premium Riesling: to maintain primary aromas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Why is new oak not used for Riesling?

A

-Could mask primary aromas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

How was sweet wine traditionally made?

A

-residual sugar was fermented to dryness
-post-fermentation: sussreserve added (unfermented or partially fermented grape must)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Can sussreserve come from the same must as the wine? If so, explain

A

-Yes
-Pre-fermentation, part taken from must -> clarified, chilled and s02 added to remain fresh
-then: added back to fermented wine to create desired sweetness level
-min/no alc may reduce the alcohol level of the final wine (depending on the amount added)
-said to give less balanced wines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the other method of making sweet wines?

A

-stopping fermentation by adding so2 when desired residual sugar levels are reached
-racked or filtered
-for quality concious producers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What about the fermentation of (T)BA & Eiswein?

A

-high must weight and slow fermentation (up to several months for TBA)
Results in: fermentation can stop naturally leaving high levels of residual sugar behind and low levels of alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

How are inexpensive red wines often made?

A

-thermovinification for quick extraction of colour and flavour
-may even be fermented off skins for fruity red wine with low tannins
-no oak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Which winemaking techniques are common for high quality red?

A

-cold maceration
-whole bunch fermentation
-oak maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Which 4 quality levels of wine are based on the must weight?

A

-Deutscherwein
-Landwein
-Qualitatswein
-Pradikatswein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

If the wine is classified as Deutscherwein, where are the grapes sourced from? nad as Landwein?

A

-Deutscher wein: in or outside germany, no geographical indication
-Landwein: if region is stated on the label, at least 85%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Which sweetness levels can kabinett have?

A

-dry to medium sweet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

describe the style of kabinett

A

-lightest body and highest acidity
-green & citrus aromas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What range are the alc percentages of kabinett?

A

-7-12% abv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is the style of spatlese compared to kabinett?

A

-fully ripe grapes, picked 2 weeks later than kabinett
-also min. 7% abv
-greater concentration of riper fruit (stonefruits for riesling), higher alc levels
-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What style can auslese produce?

A

-dry to sweet
-from specially selected extra ripe grapes
- mostly hand harvested but not obligated
-riper and more concentrated than spatlese
-min 7% abv
-honey characteristic when affected by botrytis, adding to complexity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Why is hand harvest obligatory with Beerenauslese?

A

-because berries are carefully selected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What is the style of Beerenauslese?

A

-Sweet, min. 5.5 abv%
-no botrytis obligatory but common
-very ripe and dried stonefruits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

in what years is Beerenauslese produced?

A

-when grapes are affected by noble rot
due to brief periods of humidity followed by sunny and dry afternoons
-very low yields + labour intensive = rare wines and expensive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

How is eiswein made?

A

-berries need to be picked when frozen (below -7 degrees)
-fruit should be healthy: the unpleasant flavour of rot will be amplified along with other flavours
-need to be pressed when frozen: very small amounts of concentrated juice with high levels of acidity and sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What is the style of eiswein?

A

-high acidity, concentrated flavours of pure peach and grapefruit
-rare and sold at premium prices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Describe the style of TBA

A

-very high must weight -> affected by botrytis producing very concentrated, tiny shrivelled raisin-like grapes
-sweetness still balances acidity = ageing potential
-do rarely exceed 8% abv
-yields are extremely low (not more than 100 bottles per time), cannot be produced every year since botrytis is neccessary
=most expensive wine of germany

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

why do some producers use EU labelling terms?

A

-because consumers cannot tell what the residual sugar is of auslese, spatlese, kabinett or qualitatswein
- to create sweetness levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

up to how many grams of residual sugar is Trocken?

A

up to 4 grams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

up to how many grams of residual sugar is halbtrocken (off-dry)

A

-4 to 12 grams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

up to how many grams of redisudal sugar is lieblich (medium/medium sweet)?

A

-12 to 45 grams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Why do producers use Fernheib as labelling term?

A

-not defined by law
-who do not want to label as halbtrocken due to negative association
-can have slightly higher levels of residual sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What is goldkapsel?

A

-a gold capsule created in the Mosel
-No official labelling term
-indicated botrytis affected wines
- shorter capsules = higher levels of concentration than auslese
-longer capsules = even further levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What are einzellagen?

A
  • individual sites within wine producing districts
    -from less than 1 ha up to over 200 ha
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

What are Grosslagen?

A

-collective vineyard sites
-can have einzellagen in them
-600-1800 ha
note: NOT CONFUSE WITH GROSSE LAGE VDP (one of top vineyards)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Is liebfraumilch legally defined? If yes, what are the requirements?

A

-Yes
-medium-dry white qualitatswein
-min. 18 g/l residual sugar
- at least 70& riesling, silvaner, muller thurgau or kerner
-most blends are muller thurgau dominated
-mainly from rheinhessen and pfalz

66
Q

What is the VDP?

A

-Verband Deutscher Pradikatsweinguter
-a hierarchy of vineyard sites with now 200 members
-vdp set up higher standards when pradikatswein was set up in 1971
-vdp logo must appear on the capsules

67
Q

What makes VDP different from Pradikatswein?

A

-stricter regulations regarding grape growing and winemaking
- lower max. yields
-higher min. must weight

68
Q

How must dry wines be labelled in VDP?

A

-as qualitatswein trocken
-pradikat levels only apply to wines with residual sweetness

69
Q

What classification system did the VDP created?

A

-4-tier classification system
-applies ONLY to VDP members and is NOT A PART OF GERMAN WINE LAW

70
Q

What is the ‘lowest’ tier of the VDP classification system? what are the maximum yields?

A

-vdp Gutswein
-75 hl/ha

71
Q

Where is VDP Ortswein equivalent to?

A

-Burgundy Villages
- also max 75 hl/ha

72
Q

What are the rules applicable to VDP Erste Lage?

A

-similar to premier cru from Burgundy
-max. 60 hl/ha
-must be hand harvested & ripe enough to qualify for spatlase
-vineyard name&village must appear on label

73
Q

Where can Grosse Lage be compared with?

A

-Grand Cru Burgundy
-best parcels of best vineyards
-outstanding quality

74
Q

What is the max. yield for Grosse Lage?

A

50 hl/ha

75
Q

Where is Spatburgunder applying for Grosse Lage not allowed?

A

-In the Nahe&Mosel

76
Q

When are dry white wines from Grosse Lage released?

A

Released no sooner than 1st september the year following the harvest

77
Q

When are red wines from Grosse Lage released?

A

-12 months of minimum oak ageing
-not released 1st of september in the year after this oak ageing

78
Q

What about sweet pradikat wines in Grosse Lage?

A

-can be sold 1st May year following harvest

79
Q

What cannot be stated on the label regarding Grosse Lage?

A

-Grosses Gewachs for dry wines
-instead voor VDP wines: GG

80
Q

What is the climate of Rheinhessen?

A

-Warm&dry
-sheltered by mountains (hunsruck&Taunus)

81
Q

What are the soils in Rheinhessen?

A

-Warm and fertile
-valley floors
-inexpensive, high volume wines

82
Q

Where is Rheinhessen famous for?

A

-Liebfraumilch

83
Q

Which grape variety dominates in Rheinhessen?

A
  • 71% white wine production
    -Riesling, MT 2nd
84
Q

Which black grape variety is leading in Rheinhessen?

A

Dornfelder

85
Q

Regarding business, who produce which style of wine in Rheinhessen?

A

-Bulk production = merchant houses
-quality wine = small estates or co-operatives

86
Q

Which area of Rheinhessen produces good quality wines? describe the features

A

-Rheinterrasse
-West bank of Nierstein and Oppenheim
-steep sloped vineyards
-east-facing aspect = morning sun = enhanced ripening
-proximity Rhine = moderating influence = warmer evening & autumn temp = longer ripening

87
Q

Describe the style of a Rheinterrasse Riesling

A

Ripe lemon and peach

88
Q

Which vineyards within Rheinterrasse are well reputated?

A

-Roter Hang
-due to soil: Rotliegenden soil

89
Q

What are the features of Rotliegenden soil?

A

-Iron rich red soil of slate, clay & sandstone
-said to give smoky character to wine

90
Q

Name another region within Rheinhessen gaining a better reputation for high quality Riesling and Spatburgunder

A

-Wonnegau
-South Rheinhessen
-Moderating influence from Rhine

91
Q

What are qualitats&pradikatswein due to the revised german wine classification?

A

-protected designation of origin (PDO)

92
Q

What is landwein due to the revised german wine classification? What is not allowed on the label?

A

-protected geographical indication
-may state 1 of defined landwein areas but not the village/vineyard

93
Q

Is it allowed to enrich qualitatswein?

A

Yes

94
Q

What is the range of Oechsle with qualitatswein?

A

between 50 and 72 degrees depending on the style

95
Q

What is the range of Oechsle with pradikatswein?

A

between 70 and 154 degrees depending on style

96
Q

What is the minimum must weight of eiswein?

A

same as Beerenauslese

97
Q

What has been established in 2021? what are the tiers?

A

A geographic hierarchy for qualitats wein
-winegrowing area, region, village, vineyard

98
Q

What is the German name for the winegrowing area?

A

-Anbaugebiet
-lowest tier

99
Q

What is the German name for village?

A

-Ortwein = village wine with the village on the label

100
Q

What is the German name for vineyard (highest tier of qualitatswein)?

A

-Einzellage = single vineyard
-dry and sweet
- further categories within vineyads= erstes gewachs and grosses gewachs

101
Q

What is the location of Pfalz?

A

-Narrow strip of vineyards between haardt mountains to the west and rhine plain to the east
-remarkably not centred along river valley

102
Q

What about the climate of the Pfalz?

A

-Runs North from Alsace -> haardt continuation of Vosges mountains providing rain shadow effect
-driest wine-producing area = drought can be an issue

103
Q

Which grape varieties dominate in Pfalz?

A

-65% white
-25% of that Riesling
-also MT,grau and weiss

104
Q

What is the style of Pfalz wine?

A

-fuller bodied and ripe fruit than Rheinhessen
-due to warmer temperatures

105
Q

Where is the best quality wine produced in Pfalz? Why?

A

-Mittelhaardt around Bad durkheim,Wachenheim, Forst, Deidesheim and Ruppertsberg in Northern part of Pfalz
-South or east facing steep slopes in foothills of the haardt for maximised sunlight exposure, protected from winds = ripe, full-bodied riesling

106
Q

What are the soil types in Pfalz?

A

-Diverse, creating different styles
-sandstone, limestone, basalt and clay

107
Q

Where are inexpensive wines made in Pfalz?

A

-Sudliche weinstrasse
- inexpensive wines on more fertile sandstone soils

108
Q

What is the most planted black variety in Pfalz?

A

Dornfelder

109
Q

Why are pinot grapes common in Pfalz?

A

-Area has been under German and French rule
-similar climate to Alsace

110
Q

Baden is split into 3 different areas. Where are they located?

A

-North of Heidelberg to Swiss border to the south
-between Franken and Wurttemberg
-East of Bodensee

111
Q

Where are most vineyards located in Baden? What is its climate?

A

-Eastern side of Rhine opposite Alsace
-benefit from rain shadow Vosges Mountains + Southerly latitude = warmest, sunniest, driest wineproducing area of Germany

112
Q

Which part of Baden makes fuller bodied spatburgunders?

A

-Kaiserstuhl = extinct volcano
-Steep, south-facing slopes
-high alc, complex, smoky ripe fruit

113
Q

Which part creates more delicate spatburgunder?

A

-Cooler areas such as Ortenau
-Calcareous soil (around Tuniberg and Breisgau) = more acidity&delicate fruit

114
Q

How many % of Baden plantings are white?

A

59%, mainly Muller Thurgau

115
Q

What are the grapegrowing conditions of Baden?

A

-Warm&dry, ideal for high volume inexpensive wines

116
Q

Which grape varieties are developing in terms of higher quality production in Baden?

A

-weissburgunder, grauburgunder and chardonnay
-often matured in oak

117
Q

Who are the biggest producers in baden?

A

-Co-operatives, 75% of production
-Badischer Winzerkeller

118
Q

What is the location of Wurttemberg?

A

-Around Stuttgart
-East of Baden
-South of Franken

119
Q

What is the main style produced in Wurttemberg?

A

-light, fruity reds
-domestic market

120
Q

What are the main producers in Wurttemberg?

A

-Co-operatives
-Moglingen

121
Q

Where are higher quality wines produced in Wurttemberg?

A

-by smaller producers
-around river Neckar, steep, terraced vineyards

122
Q

What is the climate of wurttemberg?

A

-warm summers temperatures
-spring frost can still be issue due to overall continental climate
-black grape varieties mostly planted (68%)

123
Q

What are the most planted black grape varieties of Wurttemberg?

A

-Lemberger, Trollinger, Schwarzriesling (can differentiate on export markets with these grape varieties)
-also increasingly spatburgunder

124
Q

apart from light bodied reds, which style can also be produced from Lemberger in particular?

A

-fuller bodied, higher alcohol, riper fruit
-often oak aged

125
Q

What is the location of the Mosel?

A

-Most Northerly
-Site selection important to ensure grapes can ripen

126
Q

What is the best aspect of vineyards in the Mosel?

A

-Steep, south-facing slopes overlooking river Mosel
-for better sun exposure and some sun reflected from the river

127
Q

What is the famous soil type of Mosel?

A

-Dark coloured slate = radiates heat
-different soil structures&colours = influence on characteristics and aromas of wine

128
Q

Where do best wines from Mosel come from?

A

-Middle Mosel
-such as: Wehlen (Sonnenuhr), Bernkastel (Doctor), Piesport (Goldtropfchen)

129
Q

Describe Mosel style

A

-compared to other Riesling regions: paler in colour, lighter in body, lower alc, higher acidity
-floral and green fruit
-balance of flavour intensity and acidity = long bottle ageing

130
Q

Apart from Middle Mosel, where can other high quality Riesling be produced?

A

-Valleys of the river Saar and Ruwer (tributaries of Mosel)
-Sheltered side valleys
-south-east and south-west aspects
-higher altitude than middle mosel can result in higher acidity
-high reputed vineyards: Scharzhofberg, Saar

131
Q

Where is more inexpensive wine made in Mosel?

A

-Flatter land around for example piesport
-Muller thurgau planted here
-less complex, produced by merchants

132
Q

Where are the vineyards of Franken located?

A

-w-shaped area along south-facing slopes of river Main

133
Q

What is the climate of Franken?

A

-Due to further east location: most continental climate of wine regions of Germany
-Warm summers, but shorter growing season due to cooler autumns and harsh winters
-spring frost can be a problem

134
Q

Which grape variety produces a distinctive style in Franken?

A

Silvaner

135
Q

Describe the features and style of Silvaner

A
  • early budding and ripening -> can reach fruit ripeness before cool autumns reach
    -susceptible to spring frost, gets best sites to mitigate frost problems
    -best silvaners: south-eat facing slopes, chalky soils around Wurzberg, full-bodied dry wines, floral& wet stone
135
Q

Describe the features and style of Silvaner

A
  • early budding and ripening -> can reach fruit ripeness before cool autumns reach
    -susceptible to spring frost, gets best sites to mitigate frost problems
    -best silvaners: south-eat facing slopes, chalky soils around Wurzberg, full-bodied dry wines, floral& wet stone
136
Q

Which grape variety also produce very good wines in Franken? Explain

A

-Spatburgunder
-west of region -> steep terraces on sandstone soils

137
Q

Where is the Nahe located?

A

Between Mosel and Rheinhessen

138
Q

what is the climate of Nahe?

A

Protected by Hunsruck mountains = mild temperatures and low rainfall

139
Q

What is the main grape variety grown in Nahe? explain its style

A

-Riesling
-due to slightly warmer climate: lower levels of acidity, riper fruit and more body than Mosel
-Not as much as Rheingau and Rheinhessen

140
Q

Where are the warmer conditions of the Nahe?

A

-east of region
-south facing slopes of nahe
-moderating influences from rivers: nahe&rhine -> max sunlight and steep slopes
-soils: slate&sandstone

141
Q

Where are the cooler conditions of the Nahe?

A

To the west where harvest is later

142
Q

Which wines are produced on gentle slopes in Nahe?

A

-Inexpensive Muller Thurgau
-due to deeper and more fertile slopes

143
Q

What is the main planted black grape variety of Nahe?

A

-Dornfelder
-total black varieties just 25% of plantings

144
Q

Where is the Rheingau famous for?

A

-most prestigeous and high quality Riesling which can be age worthy

145
Q

What influences the climate of Rheingau?

A

-Taunus mountains= protect region from cold Northerly winds to the west
-south-facing aspect
results in: fuller-bodied, riper fruit than mosel
-wider rhine = moderating effect on temperature = less risk on frost
-increased humidity = perfect for botrytis

146
Q

Which slopes are said to be the best for dry wine production in Rheingau?

A

-mid-slopes
-moderating influences from river
-far away enough from humidity that can lead to fungal disease

147
Q

What are the soil types of Rheingau?

A

-sand,loam and loess around Hochheim to the east
-west: sandstone&slate

148
Q

Which red grape variety grows in Rheingau? Describe its style

A

-spatburgunder
-west end around Assmannshausen
-steep south to south-west facing slopes around Hollenberg = fuller bodied Pinot Noir
-very good to outstanding in quality

149
Q

What about the producers in the Rheingau?

A

-Co-operatives less influential than other wine regions in Germany

150
Q

What is the location of the Ahr?

A

-One of most Northerly area

151
Q

What are the special conditions that spatburgunder can grow in the Ahr?

A

-Northerly location = mainly cooler but..
-river Ahr cutting narrow, sheltered valley with steep south-facing slopes

152
Q

What is the soil type of the Ahr?

A

-Dark slate (heat retaining)
-greywacke = dark sandstone

153
Q

What was the traditional winemaking approach compared to the winemaking approach now in the Ahr?

A

-traditionally: late harvest black grapes with residual sweetness
-now: very good quality spatburgunder fermented to dryness
-relatively high tannins with spicy characteristics due to oak ageing

154
Q

What type of producers dominate the Ahr?

A

-co-operatives, Mayschoss one of oldest co-operatives of the world
-also smaller estates making their way on the export market

155
Q

How many growers does Germany have?

A

-16000 growers, of which half owns less than 3 ha

156
Q

Generally speaking, what leads to higher production costs?

A

-labour intensive work at steep vineyards
-low yields (particularly sweeter wines)
-vintage variation

157
Q

How much vineyard area does co-operatives own?

A

-around 30%
-one of the first wine-producing countries to establish co-operatives

158
Q

How much wine is exported in percentages?

A

-10% of total production

159
Q

The price per hl also has risen, why?

A

-from below €200 per hectolitre to €300
-due to less bulk shipping and increased bottled exports

160
Q

What are the top 5 export markets?

A

USA, NL, UK, Norway and Swesen
-NL&UK average lower price due to inexpensive wines (although shrinking)

D3 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions