German - Immune Memory And Vaccination Flashcards
T/F - Ab’s developed during the primary response provides protective immunity.
TRUE
- New adaptive immune response is not activated
- Serum Ab levels decline w/ time
What are 3 adaptive memory cells?
Memory B cells
Memory plasma cells
Memory T cells
- Central
- Effector
Where do memory cells develop?
Secondary lymphoid tissue
-Mirror pathogen-specific effector cells
—Th17 CD4 memory T cells
Where do memory cells persist?
Bone marrow
Secondary lymphoid tissues
Peripheral tissue
Circulation
How do primary effector cells differ from memory cells?
Primary -BROAD antigen response -Multiple activation steps and signals -Clonal selection and expansion must occur -B cells must undergo target refinement —Somatic hypermutation —Class switching -Cannot undergo somatic hypermutation again -Die after several days
Memory -SPECIFIC, restricted antigen response -Easily activated -Clonal expansion -B cell target refinement unnecessary -May undergo somatic hypermutation -Persist for months and replicate —LT immunity
T/F - Immune memory can persist for decades.
TRUE
T/F - Immune memory is pathogen and exposure dependent.
TRUE
T/F - Immune memory does NOT depend upon antigen persistence.
TRUE
- Steady-state serum Ab levels
- Persistence is highly variable across diseases
The secondary immune response activates _________ B cells and inhibits _________ B cells.
Memory
Naive
Tell me about the primary response.
Naive B cell binds pathogen
Naive B cell is activated and becomes an ab-producing plasma cell
Production of low-affinity IgM Ab’s
Tell me about the secondary response.
Naive B cell binds pathogen coated with specific antibody
A negative signal is given to the naive B cell to prevent its activation
*No production of low-affinity IgM Ab’s
OR
Memory B cell binds pathogen
Memory B cell is activated and becomes an Ab-producing plasma cell
Production of high-affinity IgG
T/F - Memory B cells improve with repeated exposure.
TRUE
T/F - Activated memory B cells replicate into plasma cells and more memory cells.
TRUE
*This is the whole point behind vaccine “boosters”
T/F - Memory B cells can form cognate pairs w/ memory Tfh cells.
TRUE
- Germinal centers
- Class switching
- Somatic hypermutation
T/F - Memory T cells do not req CD28 co-stimulation.
TRUE
Which memory cells are:
L-selection-positive CCR7-positive Circulate in LYMPHOID ORGANS Stem-cell-like Can be activated by antigen and cytokines.
CENTRAL MEMORY CELLS
Which memory cells are:
L-selectin-negative CCR7-negative Circulate in NON-LYMPHOID TISSUES Already differentiated Have high levels of effector molecules
EFFECTOR Memory Cells
A pathogen that is highly mutable and erodes immune memory is using what tool?
EVASION - ANTIGENIC DRIFT
Look at slide 10 for an example of antigenic drift and a highly mutable pathogen.
DO IT
Tell me 5 things about vaccines.
Train immune memory
Highly effective
Can have a rapid effect
Carry some individual risk
Herd immunity is important
What are 6 vaccine targets?
Viruses
Bacteria
Parasites
Small molecules
Cancer
Autoimmune disorders
What are 7 types of vaccine?
Attenuated live virus
Inactivated
Subunit
Conjugate
Toxoid
DNA
Recombinant vector
What was the first attenuated live virus vaccine?
COWPOX
What is an attenuated virus?
Virus isolated and cultured
Used to infect monkey cells
Virus acquires variety of mutations that allow it to grow well in monkey cells
Virus no longer grows well in human cells and can be used as a vaccine
