GER/ C+T PPQ Flashcards
‘reparations were the worst punishment imposed on Ger in the ToV’, how far do you agree? (16)
- things to include:
- damage to pride: not being allowed to join the LoN, war guilt clause
- economic damage: loss of land meant loss of resources, e.g. coal in the Saar; loss of military meant fewer jobs in the armed forces and making tanks etc
- territorial loss: polish corridor; Danzig; the Saar; loss of colonies
‘the main reason for the Big 3 dissatisfaction with the ToV was because they had to compromise with eachother’, how far do you agree? (16)
- things to include:
- reasons the Big 3 disagreed, such as Wilson’s desire for freedom of the seas vs Lloyd George’s desire for naval supremacy; ot Clemenceau’s need for reparations s Lloyd George’s aim to keep Germany strong so they could trade
- other reasons they may be dissatisfied such as the armistice which meant that some ideas had already been accepted and could not be changed; time restrain which meant they had to hurry to agree because Europe (especially Austrio-Hungarian Empire) was collapsing around them and a resolution was needed quickly so that people could get the help they needed after the war- meant that they had to hurry to conclude and had less time to explore different ideas
‘the main reason why Ger hated the ToV was because of its financial terms’, how far do you agree? (16)
- things to include:
- impact of financial terms e.g. reparations set at £6.6billion in 1921 weakened Germany; Germany had to rebuild after the war, which had already devastated the economy (people were starving by the end of the war) so couldn’t afford to pay
- could link this to crisis in the Ruhr when France invaded Germany to take goods when reparation payments weren’t made. German workers were then paid to strike, leading to hyperinflation which destroyed German economy, forced to take loans from the USA and encouraged Hitler and the Nazis to attempt to overthrow the gov. in the Munich Putsch
- other impacts could include the loss of land like the Saar that left German people living in new countries at a time when many other nations were hostile to Germany; military restrictions like the limit of the army to 100,000 men and no conscriptions, which left Germany feeling vulnerable to attack; or war guilt clause which meant Germany had to accept responsibility for starting the war
- need an overall judgement: historians tend to agree that it was the war guilt clause that was most hated in Germany as it was used to justify every other punishment
- alternatively, could argue that even Lloyd George and Wilson felt economic sanctions were too harsh, with Lloyd George fearing the collapse of the Anglo-German trade and Wilson fearing Germany seeking revenge and starting another war
‘the loss of land to create new countries was the main reason for the dissatisfaction of Ger’s allies with the peacemakers, 1919 to 1920’, how far do you agree? (16)
write an account of how the Treaty of Sevres led to international crisis (8)
- could include:
- resentment towards the treaty led to protests, which led to the government being overthrown
- how this led to a new treaty (Treaty of Lausanne) which showed that treaties were impossible to enforce, undermined the peace treaties and showed people like Hitler and Mussolini could get away with ignoring the treaties
‘the structure of the league made it fair and strong’, how far do you agree? (16)
- strengths could include:
- number of members who could put economic sanctions on an aggressor; efforts to make things fair like the unanimous vote; members like Britain and France who had proven to the world that they were powerful by winning the war and having huge empires
- weaknesses could include:
- lack of the USA, Germany and Russia; no army; unfair that the Council could veto; complex organisation
‘the LoN was successful in achieving its aims of improving working conditions and curing diseases’, how far do you agree? (16)
- successes could include:
- improving working conditions- reducing the death rate of workers on the Tanganyika railway, freeing slaves in Sierra Leone; healthcare and curing disease- helping in Turkish refugee camps
- failures could include:
- improving working conditions- failure to stop U14s from working; healthcare and curing disease- some countries not supporting the ban on opium, fighting leprosy
write an account of how the LoN failed to keep peace in Europe throughout the 1920s (8)
write an account of how events in Manchuria led to an international crisis between 1931 and 1933 (8)
‘the main consequence of the Manchurian crisis was that the League’s reputation remained intact’, how far do you agree? (16)
‘the main reason the LoN failed was the Depression’, how far do you agree? (16)
‘Hitler’s foreign policy aims were the main cause of the outbreak of WW2’, how far do you agree? (16)
write an account of how Hitler’s remilitarisation of the Rhineland contributed to international tension in 1936 (8)
write an account of how Hitler’s attempts to unite Germany with Austria contributed to international tension between 1934 and 1938 (8)
‘the signing of the Nazi-Soviet pact was the main reason for the outbreak of WW2’, how far do you agree? (16)
write an account of how the events in the 1930s led to the outbreak of WW2 (8)
describe 2 problems faced by Kaiser Wilhelm II in achieving his ambitions for Germany before 1914 (4)
in what ways did the lives of people in Germany change during WW1 (8)
describe 2 weaknesses of the Weimar Constitution of 1919 (4)
in what ways were German people affected by hyperinflation (8)
which of the following was the more important threat to the Weimar Republic in the years 1919-23
- left wing risings
- right wing plots (12)
in what ways were the lives of Germans affected by the policies of Gustav Stresemann (8)
describe what was new and exciting about Weimar culture in the 1920s (4)
describe 2 effects of the Depression on German people (4)
describe 2 reasons why the Nazis became popular (4)
which of the following was the more important reason why the Nazis became more popular
- the Depression
- methods of the Nazi party (12)
describe 2 ways in which President Hindenburg tried to resist or limit Nazi power (4)
which of the following was the more important reason why Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1933
- economic weakness of W.R
- political weakness of W.R (12)
in what ways were the lives of Hitler’s opponents affected by his moves to become dictator of Germany (8)
describe 2 consequences of the Night of Long Knives (4)
in what ways did the lives of German workers change as a result of Nazi policies (8)
in what ways was Hitler’s economic policy based on preparing Germany for war (8)
describe 2 ways in which WW2 had an impact on ordinary German citizens (4)
describe 2 ways in which the Nazis controlled the lives of young people outside school (4)
describe 2 Nazi policies relating to women in Germany (4)
which of the following were more affected by Nazi policies
- young people
- women (12)
describe 2 ways in which Christians reacted to Nazi religious policy (4)
which of the following was more affected by Nazi policies
- women
- German Christians (12)
describe 2 ways in which the Nazi police state tried to control German citizens (4)
describe 2 methods that the Nazis used to control what information Germans received (4)
describe 2 ways in which the Nazis controlled German arts and culture (4)
which of the following was the more important reason why the Nazis were able to control the people of Germany
- the police state
- propaganda (12)
describe 2 ways in which the German people resisted and opposed Hitler and the Nazis (4)
