geology nitrification more soil.xlsx - Sheet1

Question 1

what are some other factors that determine type of soil?

Answer 1

climate, vegetation, time, the surrounding terrain, and even human activities (eg. farming, grazing, gardening etc.), are also important in influencing how soil is formed and the types of soil that occur in a particular landscape.

Question 2

what is soil again?

Answer 2

Soil is one of the three major natural resources, alongside air and water. made up of three main components minerals that come from rocks below or nearby, organic matter which is the remains of plants and animals that use the soil, and the living organisms that reside in the soil. The proportion of each of these is important in determining the type of soil that is present.

Question 3

how does soil form

Answer 3

Soil can form from the rocks below, or from rocks a very long distance away - perhaps being carried by wind or water. The glaciers of the last ice age acted as giant bulldozers pushing truly huge amounts of soil along as they grew and dropping the soil as they melted.

Question 4

one soil function is…

Answer 4

However, soils can also modify the impact of pollutants

Question 5

nitrification

Answer 5

is the 2-step process of ammonia found in soil being turned into nitrates ( converted to nitrite then nitrate) as it changes, it changes its oxidation state). Nitrates are an inorganic form of nitrogen that plants can use. Ammonia NH(lower 3) to Nitrite NO(lower 2 with neg charge) to Nitrate NO(lower 3 w neg charge).

Question 6

1st part of nitrification NITRITATION

Answer 6

he first step of nitritation uses a type of bacteria called nitrosomonas. During nitritation, NH4 (Ammonium) is oxidized into NO2 (nitrogen dioxide). The equation for this process is summarized below.

Question 7

2nd part of nitrification NITRATION

Answer 7

The second part of the nitrification process is called nitration. Nitration uses the enzyme nitrite oxidoreductase (NOR) to complete the nitrification process

Question 8

how does nitrogen change organic to inorganic

Answer 8

nitrogen IS organic in the ground THEN converted to inorganic by bacteria THEN then back to organic inside the plant.

Question 9

How have plants adapted ward off predators

Answer 9

Plants do not have the option of fleeing predators. As a consequence, they have developed an elaborate set of chemical defenses to ward off insects and other creatures that want to make them into a meal.

Question 10

What happens when eat toxic chemicals that plants use to protect themselves

Answer 10

Toxic chemicals that plants use against predators are consumed by us at low levels in fruits and vegetables. Exposure to these substances causes a mild stress reaction that lends resilience to cells in our bodies.

Question 11

hor me sis HORMESIS

Answer 11

Adaptation to these stresses, a process called hormesis, accounts for a number of health benefits, including protection against brain disorders, we receive from eating broccoli and blueberries.

Question 12

CUESA

Answer 12

Center for Urban Education about Sustainable Agriculture) cultivating a sustainable food system through the operation of farmers markets and educational programs.

Question 13

Nitrogen fixation

Answer 13

conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into compounds, such as ammonia, by natural agencies or various industrial processes eg. Rhizobium bacteria in the root nodules of legumes fix atmospheric nitrogen.

Question 14

acid rain

Answer 14

Acid rain is a broad term referring to a mixture of wet and dry deposition (deposited material) from the atmosphere containing higher than normal amounts of nitric and sulfuric acids. The precursors, or chemical forerunners, of acid rain formation result from both natural sources, such as volcanoes and decaying vegetation, and man-made sources, primarily emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) resulting from fossil fuel combustion

Question 15

where do sulfer dioxide SO2 and nitorgen oxidesNox come fron

Answer 15

In the United States, roughly 66% of all SO2 and 25% of all NOx come from electric power generation that relies on burning fossil fuels, like coal. Acid rain occurs when these gases react in the atmosphere with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form various acidic compounds. The result is a mild solution of sulfuric acid and nitric acid. When sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released from power plants and other sources, prevailing winds blow these compounds across state and national borders, sometimes over hundreds of miles.

Question 16

what is ocean acidification

Answer 16

When carbon dioxide dissolves in this ocean, carbonic acid is formed. This leads to higher acidity, mainly near the surface, which has been proven to inhibit shell growth in marine animals and is suspected as a cause of reproductive disorders in some fish.

Question 17

what portion of CO2 emissions does ocean absorb?

Answer 17

ceans currently absorb about a third of human-created CO2 emissions,

Question 18

what happens if ocean cannot store anymore CO2?

Answer 18

Equally worrisome is the fact that as the oceans continue to absorb more CO2, their capacity as a carbon storehouse could diminish. That means more of the carbon dioxide we emit will remain in the atmosphere, further aggravating global climate change.

Question 19

drough farming PART 1

Answer 19

Drip irrigation ,Properly managed ponds can also create habitat for local wildlife.,farmers carefully monitor the weather forecast, as well as soil and plant moisture, and adapt their irrigation schedule to the current conditions,Growing crops that are appropriate to the regions climate is another way that farmers are getting more crop per drop.,California dry farmers don’t irrigate, relying on soil moisture to produce their crops during the dry season.

Question 20

drought farming PART 2

Answer 20

Rotational grazing is a process in which livestock are moved between fields to help promote pasture regrowth,Compost, or decomposed organic matter used as fertilizer, has been found to improve soil structure, increasing its water-holding capacity.Planted to protect soil that would otherwise go bare, cover crops reduce weeds, increase soil fertility and organic matter, and help prevent erosion and compaction, going organic,Healthy soil that is rich in organic matter and microbial life serves as a sponge that delivers moisture to plants. The trial also found that organic fields can recharge groundwater supplies up to 20 percent.

Question 21

bedrock

Answer 21

Bedrock is the hard, solid rock beneath surface materials such as soil and gravel. Bedrock also underlies sand and other sediments on the ocean floor. Bedrock is consolidated rock, meaning it is solid and tightly bound. Overlying material is often unconsolidated rock, which is made up of loose particles.

Question 22

geology

Answer 22

Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, including the materials that it is made of, the physical and chemical processes that occur on its surface and in its interior, and the history of the planet and its life forms.

Question 23

Earth materials

Answer 23

minerals, rocks, soil and water.

Question 24

Minerals

Answer 24

naturally occurring inorganic solids that have a crystalline structure and definite chemical composition. rystalline structure, meaning the atoms that make up the mineral are arranged in an orderly, three-dimensional pattern that repeats itself.

Question 25

Rocks

Answer 25

Rocks are defined as naturally formed aggregates of minerals or mineral-like substances. Rocks can be made up of one type of mineral, several minerals, or no minerals at all COAL.

Question 26

Granite is comprised of

Answer 26

Granite is a rock that is comprised of several different minerals, including quartz, biotite, potassium feldspar, and plagioclase feldspar.

Question 27

How are rocks classified

Answer 27

edimentary, igneous, and metamorphic.

Question 28

Sedimentary

Answer 28

formed by the accumulation of sediment that is deposited over time.

Question 29

Igneous rock

Answer 29

Igneous rocks are formed when molten magma cools and solidifies.

Question 30

Metamorphic

Answer 30

Metamorphic rocks are formed when an existing rock changes due to heat, pressure, or some other physical force.

Question 31

Earth System two primary components

Answer 31

geosphere and the biosphere.

Question 32

geosphere

Answer 32

has four subcomponents lithosphere (solid earth) atmosphere (gaseous envelope) hydrosphere (liquid water) cryosphere (frozen water)

Question 33

biosphere

Answer 33

consists of parts of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere where life is found.

Question 34

ecosystem

Answer 34

one or more communities of diferent species interacting with their nonliving environment of matter and energy

Question 35

biosphere

Answer 35

The biosphere is the biological component of earth systems, which also include the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and other “spheres” (e.g. cryosphere, anthrosphere, etc.). The biosphere includes all living organisms on earth, together with the dead organic matter produced by them. contains about 100 phyla organized into five kingdoms of life forms

Question 36

phyla

Answer 36

the primary subdivision of a taxonomic kingdom, grouping together all classes of organisms that have the same body plan.

Question 37

5 kingdoms of life

Answer 37

Monera Kingdom, the Protist Kingdom, the Fungi Kingdom, the Plant Kingdom, and the Animal Kingdom.

Question 38

lithosphere

Answer 38

lithosphere is the solid, outer part of the Earth. The lithosphere includes the brittle upper portion of the mantle and the crust, the outermost layers of Earth’s structure

Question 39

Protists

Answer 39

mostly unicellular, some are multicellular (algae) can be heterotrophic or autotrophic . most live in water (though some live in moist soil or even the human body) ALL are eukaryotic (have a nucleus)A protist is any organism that is not a plant, animal or fungus