eco light pollution my studies

Question 1

antrhopocentrism

Answer 1

Anthropocentrism from Greek anthropos, “human being”; and kentron, “center”) is the belief that human beings are the central or most significant species on the planet (in the sense that they are considered to have a moral status or value higher than that of other animals), or the assessment of reality through an exclusively human perspective.The term can be used interchangeably with humanocentrism, and some refer to the concept as human supremacy or human exceptionalism.

Question 2

how does protecting night sky lead to conserving biodiversity

Answer 2

1) light exposes animals to predators (spiders camp out lights take advantage of evolutionary traps) 2. predator avoidance, mate selection, navigation, foraging site selection, when sleep etc)

Question 3

what percent of crepuscular and notcturnal species begin daily activities at sundown

Answer 3

50% of life

Question 4

crepuscular

Answer 4

appearing or active in twilight.

Question 5

primary cause light pollution

Answer 5

The primary cause of light pollution is outdoor lights that emit light upwards or sideways.

Question 6

specific issue with outdoor roadways

Answer 6

US roadways contribute huge amounts - replace pointing upward 300W halogens with LEDS pointing downward. Are headlights now more sufficient to light signs ? Do we really need them all now.

Question 7

why must white light sources used with caution

Answer 7

metal halides, CFLs, LEDS emit high levels of bluish light interferes with our night vision and own+animal health. Incandescent or high pressure sodium vapor lamps produce high levels reddish or infared light. These spectrums interfere with plants.

Question 8

human health impacts from never occuring night

Answer 8

melatonin suppression problems. It is chronobiotic homronal regular of neoplastic cell growth, meaning it is just the hormonal SIGNAL of our biological clock, used for such functions in mammals worldwide. It is one oldest homrones to signal genes and organs on wether it is daytime .

Question 9

what does natural light do for species

Answer 9

regularizes basic and fundamental biological activies across species from plants to humans.

Question 10

evolutionary traps

Answer 10

re scenarios in which rapid environmental change leads organisms to prefer to settle in poor-quality habitats. The concept stems from the idea that organisms that are actively selecting habitat must rely on environmental cues to help them identify high quality habitat. More specifically, traps are thought to occur when the attractiveness of a habitat increases relative to its value for survival and reproduction. The result is preference of falsely attractive habitat and a general avoidance of high-quality but less-attractive habitats. Such mismatches are not limited to habitat selection, but may occur in any behavioral context (e.g. predator avoidance, mate selection, navigation, foraging site selection, etc) and are more broadly called evolutionary traps.

Question 11

how will understanding traps help us?

Answer 11

Improved understanding of the causes and dynamics of evolutionary traps will lead to new insights into how to prevent, mitigate and eliminate mismatches in wildlife and human populations in the future.

Question 12

arthropods

Answer 12

an invertebrate animal of the large phylum Arthropoda, such as an insect, spider, or crustacean.

Question 13

How will wildlife contend with human-induced rapid environmental change?

Answer 13

Bruce Robertson

Question 14

phototaxis

Answer 14

Phototaxis is an organism’s automatic movement toward or away from light. Cockroaches are an example of a negatively phototactic organism. You’ve probably noticed how they scurry back into dark corners and crevices when you illuminate their late-night snacking party in your kitchen. Moths are positively phototactic. They seem charmed by your porch light, your headlights or your campfire (even if it leads to their untimely demise). While there is no definitive explanation for this phenomenon, there are some interesting theories.

Question 15

why insects fly into light PART I

Answer 15

Night flying insects evolved to navigate by the light of the moon. By keeping the moon’s reflected light at a constant angle, the insects can maintain a steady flight path and a straight course.Artificial lights interfere with an insect’s ability to detect the moonlight. They appear brighter, and radiate their light in multiple directions. Once an insect flies close enough to a light bulb, it attempts to navigate by way of the artificial light, rather than the moon. Since the light bulb radiates light on all sides, the insect simply cannot keep the light source at a constant angle, as it does with the moon. It attempts to navigate a straight path, but ends up caught in an endless spiral dance around the bulb

Question 16

why insects fly into light PART II

Answer 16

evolutionary short circuit that moths and other nocturnal insects use celestial navigation for orienting about in the dark, the same way that explorers could find their way by charting a course relative to the North Star or some celestial far-distant point source of light. And what has happened since that time is that humans have come along and developed terrestrial point sources of light. So very intense light that is not millions of miles away. So in a behavior called transverse orientation, many animals, including insects, can move or fly to maintain a constant angle relative to a distant point source of light.

Question 17

transverse orientation

Answer 17

Transverse orientation, keeping a fixed angle on a distant source of light for orientation, is a proprioceptive response displayed by some insects such as moths. Proprioception is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body and strength of effort being employed in movement