Ecology Chap 8 Aquatic Biodiversity DEFS P1

Question 1

global ocean divided into what 4 large areas?

Answer 1

Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Indian (actually is continuous)

Question 2

saltwater covers what % earth surface

Answer 2

3/4 or 71%

Question 3

fresh water covers what %?

Answer 3

2.20%

Question 4

aquatic equivalents of biomes are

Answer 4

aquatic life zones - salt water & freshwater portions of biosphere that can support life

Question 5

distribution of many aquatic orgs determined by water’s salinity

Answer 5

amounts of various salts like sodium chloride (NaCl) dissoved in given volume of water.

Question 6

NaCl

Answer 6

Na+ (sodium ion) and Cl- offer strong attractive forces –opposite charges lead to ionic bonds. Metalic usually positive,nonmetalic negitaive

Question 7

b/c of salinity, aquatic life zones classified into 2 major types

Answer 7

1) saltwater or marine life zones 2) freshwater life zones

Question 8

saltwater or marine life zone examples

Answer 8

oceans and their bays, estuaries, coastal wetlands, shorelines, coral reefs, and mangrove forests

Question 9

freshwater life zones examples

Answer 9

lakes, rivers, streams, and inland wetlands

Question 10

Major types of organisms in both freshwaters & saltware life zones

Answer 10

plankton (phytoplankton and zooplnkton) 2. nekton-strongly swimming aquatic animal 3. bethos - bottom dwellers 4. decomposters

Question 11

decomposers

Answer 11

break down organic compounts dead bodies and wastes of aquatic organisms into nutrients that primary producers use.

Question 12

nekton

Answer 12

strongly swimming consumers - fish turtles whales

Question 13

bethos

Answer 13

bottom dwellers - oysters and sea stars anchor to ocean bottom structures. Clams and worms burrow into sand/mud, lobsters and craps walk

Question 14

phytoplankton

Answer 14

primary producers , ‘greek=drifting plants’

Question 15

zooplankton

Answer 15

primary consumers (herivores) which feed on phytoplankton & secondary consumters which feed on other zoo plankton. Single protozoa to large intevertabraes like jellyfish

Question 16

most aquatic, key factors determine type and number of organisms found

Answer 16

Temperature, dissolved oxygen content, availibility of food, light , nutrients required for photosynthesis

Question 17

nutrients required for photosynthesis

Answer 17

carbon (as dissolved CO2 gas) , nitrogen (nitrate = NO-3) and Phosphorus (phosphate = PO4 3-)

Question 18

nutrients required for photosynthesis

Answer 18

Keep in mind that photosynthetic organisms are still living things, with protein-based chemistry, which means that they have nutritional requirements beyond carbon dioxide and water. Proteins, unlike sugars and starches, contain a significant amount of nitrogen, which usually needs to be absorbed as nitrates (a nitrogen-oxygen molecule) to be usable. Plants convert the nitrates into amino acids, which are the components of protein molecules. The production and use of glucose for energy also requires ATP as an energy carrier; ATP contains phosphorus, usually absorbed as phosphates (a phosphorus-oxygen molecule). Anyone who takes care of plants knows that nitrates and phosphates are important ingredients in fertilizers. Most photosynthesizers have other nutrient needs: they make a few critical molecules with materials such as iron, or need small ions, such as sodium, for some of their chemical processes.

Question 19

turbidity

Answer 19

cloudiness in a volume of water; a measure of water clarity in lakes, streams, and other bodies of water

Question 20

what causes turbidity

Answer 20

naturally-algal growth OR distrubances such as clearing land.

Question 21

names of the zones when dividing ocean vertically

Answer 21

Euphtoic Bathyal and Abyssal Zone

Question 22

what determines the vertical zones in ocean

Answer 22

light determines the euphotic bathal and abyssal zones. Temp zones , also vary with depth

Question 23

major life zones in ocean

Answer 23

coastal zone and open sea

Question 24

which vertical layer has the most photosynthesis occuring

Answer 24

the upper eupthotic or photic zone through which sunlight can penetrate.

Question 25

which system have ample nutrient supplies

Answer 25

shallow systems like small open streams, laek edges, ocean shorelines, ample supplies nutrients and primary producers are usually avail.

Question 26

how is the nutrient supply in open ocean

Answer 26

nitrates phosphates iron other nutrients short supply

Question 27

continental shelf

Answer 27

The continental shelf is an underwater landmass which extends from a continent, resulting in an area of relatively shallow water known as a shelf sea. Much of the shelves were exposed during glacial periods and interglacial periods.

Question 28

biomes

Answer 28

large terrestrial regions, each characterized by certan types of climate & domiant plant life

Question 29

climate

Answer 29

physical properties of large area (preciptitation /temperature) as measured over long period of time