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Geology 1301 > Geology Exam 4 Review > Flashcards

Geology Exam 4 Review Flashcards

1
Q

The selective absorption and reheating of Earth, resulting in warming of the atmosphere.

A

Greenhouse effect

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2
Q

These lifeforms replaced the reptiles as the dominant land animals in the Cenozoic era.

A

Mammals

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3
Q

A storehouse of climate data, where abundance and types of organic remains are indicative of past sea-surface temperatures.

A

Seafloor sediments

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4
Q

What is climate?

A

Average weather

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5
Q

Why are seafloor sediments very important in discovering paleoclimate?

A

Contain remains of organisms that vary with climate change

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6
Q

An uplifted wave-cut platform.

A

Marine terrace

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7
Q

Where do most dry lands lie in regards to the north and south of the equator?

A

20 and 30 degrees

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8
Q

_____ and helium were the first materials to condense into small particles when the solar system began forming.

A

Hydrogen

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9
Q

What is an erosional contact between tilted, older strata below and horizontal, younger strata above?

A

Angular unconformity

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10
Q

How is the wetness or dryness of a region measured?

A

Difference between precipitation & evaporation

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11
Q

Where are rainshadow deserts common?

A

Dry valleys of California and Nevada

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12
Q

What does the height, length, and period of a wave depend on?

A

All of these: fetch, length of wind blowing, wind speed

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13
Q

Represents the greatest expanse of geological time.

A

Precambrian

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14
Q

Arroyo, wadi, donga and nullah are all names for these type of short lived streams.

A

Ephemeral streams

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15
Q

Era in which reptiles dominated the land, sea, and sky.

A

Mesozoic era

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16
Q

What dominates modern climate change?

A

Human influences that exceed natural bounds

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17
Q

Extensive blankets of silt once carried in suspension.

A

Loess

18
Q

A combination of three oxygen atoms in one molecule.

A

Ozone

19
Q

Which dates can be determined by applying the law of superposition?

A

Relative Dates

20
Q

The greatest storms on the Earth.

A

Hurricanes

21
Q

Large landmasses that consist of all, or nearly all, existing continents.

A

Supercontinents

22
Q

A dry, flat lake bed left after the water evaporated.

A

Playa

23
Q

Tiny solid and liquid particles found in the air.

A

Aerosols

24
Q

A buried surface of erosion separating younger strata above from older strata below.

A

Unconformity

25
Q

An accumulation of sediment composed of locally abundant material, found along the landward margin of an ocean or lake.

A

Beach

26
Q

Side of the mountain in which air rises, clouds form, and release most of the precipitation.

A

Windward

27
Q

Principle applied to the undeformed sequence of sedimentary rocks, each bed is older than the one above and younger than the one below.

A

Principle of superposition

28
Q

The spontaneous decay in the structure of an atom’s nucleus.

A

Radioactivity

29
Q

Stones that are shaped and polished from sandblasting.

A

Ventifacts

30
Q

Which are properties of the zigzag movement of sand grains along a beach?

A

All of the above, caused by obliquely breaking waves, it causes beach drift

31
Q

Which of the following best describes the climatic factors that cause low latitude deserts like the Sahara in Africa?

A

Cool, dry air is descending, surface winds are blowing toward equator.

32
Q

Traces or remains of prehistoric life preserved in rock.

A

Fossil

33
Q

Tilted strata lie below the unconformity, and bedding in younger strata above is parallel to the unconformity.

A

Angular unconformity

34
Q

Chemicals that are commercially produced and have been found to deplete the ozone.

A

Chlorofluorocarbons

35
Q

Clean, dry air is composed almost entirely of ________?

A

Nitrogen and Oxygen

36
Q

What is the age of the Earth?

A

4.5 billion years

37
Q

The line that marks the contact between land and sea.

A

Shorelines

38
Q

Changes that reinforce the initial change.

A

Positive feedback

39
Q

The name of the process when waves reach shallow water, they are often bent and tend to become parallel to the shore.

A

Refraction

40
Q

It means “sun in the making.”

A

Protosun

41
Q

What are properties of the movement of sand parallel to the shore?

A

All of the above; may create spits, is achieved by longshore currents, is created by waves approaching at oblique angle

Geology 1301 (4 decks)

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