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Geology 1301 > Geology Exam 3 Review > Flashcards

Geology Exam 3 Review Flashcards

1
Q

A thick mass of ice that forms over hundreds and thousands of years by the accumulation, compaction, and recrystallization of snow.

A

glacier

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2
Q

A measure of the volume of water that flows through an aquifer, using the hydraulic gradient, conductivity, and cross-sectional area

A

Darcy’s Law

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3
Q

Area that lies above the water table

A

Unsaturated Zone

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4
Q

What’s the difference between mass wasting and erosion?

A

Mass wasting doesn’t need a transport medium

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5
Q

What is one of the two major flow mechanisms in a glacier?

A

Basal slip

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6
Q

Location of the world’s largest ice sheet

A

Antarctica

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7
Q

Contains the next highest percentage of Earth’s freshwater, after ice sheets and glaciers

A

groundwater

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8
Q

Streams that transport suspended sediment in broad, sweeping bends

A

meandering streams

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9
Q

Pulverized rock resulting from glacier abrasion

A

rock flour

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10
Q

An internal process that triggers mass wasting by dislodging rocks and unconsolidated materials

A

earthquake

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11
Q

The ability of a material to transmit a fluid, which depends on the connectivity between pores

A

permeability

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12
Q

During the last glacial maximum, _____ was 100 meters lower than present level.

A

Sea level

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13
Q

Which processes return water to the atmosphere?

A

Evaporation and transpiration

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14
Q

What is the boundary between the North American and Pacific plates in California?

A

San Andreas strike slip fault

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15
Q

A sudden event in which large quantities of rock move downhill

A

landslide

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16
Q

What are upfolded or arched sedimentary layers with the oldest strata in the center?

A

anticlines

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17
Q

The imaginary line separating one basin from another

A

divide

18
Q

The concept of floating crust in gravitational balance?

A

isostasy

19
Q

Type of flow in which water moves quickly in an erratic fashion

A

turbulent flow

20
Q

What happens to sea level when water is stored in expanding ice sheets and continental glaciers.?

A

Drops

21
Q

What is the largest usage of groundwater in the United States?

A

Agriculture and Irrigation

22
Q

What’s the boundary between saturated rock below and unsaturated rock above?

A

Water Table

23
Q

Another name for frozen seawater, not the same as a glacier

A

sea ice

24
Q

Faults that have an angle less than 45 degrees, so the overlying plate moves almost horizontally

A

thrust faults

25
Q

Which process is not part of the hydrologic cycle?

A

Calcium Carbonate dissolution

26
Q

The percentage of open spaces in a rock or sediment

A

Porosity

27
Q

What’s the name of large circular downwarped structures?

A

Basins

28
Q

Unconsolidated granular particles assuming a stable slope

A

angle of repose

29
Q

Which material has the best slope determined by the angle of repose?

A

Dry sand

30
Q

How does the gravitational force pulling a particle downslope vary with the inclination of the slope?

A

Decreases with lessened slopes

31
Q

The rock surface above the fault, the block that moves

A

hanging wall

32
Q

A factor that does not affect mass wasting

A

Geologic age

33
Q

What type of faults do tensional forces cause?

A

Normal faults

34
Q

Which cycle describes the movement of water throughout the Earth’s atmosphere?

A

Hydrological Cycle

35
Q

What the name of the process when a glacier enters the sea?

A

Calving

36
Q

Which is not a contributor to the formation of glaciers:

  • Plate Tectonics
  • Eccentricity of the Earth
  • Earth’s Orbit
  • Comets
A

comets

37
Q

What is the gradual movement of soil and regolith downhill?

A

soil creep

38
Q

Patterns that streams follow; could be dendritic, radial, rectangular, or trellis

A

drainage patterns

39
Q

The force that deforms rocks

A

Stress

40
Q

Coarse sands, gravel, and boulders that move along the stream bed by saltation (skipping or jumping).

A

bed load

41
Q

What structure do the Black Hills of South Dakota have?

A

Dome

Geology 1301 (4 decks)

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