Geology Exam 2 Review Flashcards
To prepare for Exam 2
The structure of the Rio Grande, that if it continued to be active, would’ve formed a new ocean.
Failed Rift
What conditions are most effective for frost wedging?
Moist and Temperate Climate
Who proposed the elastic rebound theory after which earthquake?
Dr. Reid, 1906 San Francisco
Device that operates by measuring the time required for a sound pulse to travel from a ship to the seafloor and back.
Echo Sounder or Sonar
Chemical, physical, and biological changes that take place after sediments are deposited and buried.
Diagenesis
What are the major constituents of a limestone?
Silica and calcite
Famous 7.8 magnitude earthquake that was followed by a fire.
1906 San Francisco Earthquake
What kind of weathering is happening when gabbro or diorite turns into clays?
Chemical
A type of fault whose displacement causes tsunamis.
Reverse or Thrust fault
In what climatic conditions is chemical weathering sped up?
Moist, high temperatures
The combination of water and carbon gas that dissolves calcite rocks.
Carbonic Acid
A type of metamorphosed coal.
Anthracite
What is the strong parallel alignment of coarse mica flakes or minerals in a metamorphic rock?
Foliation
What is not true about mechanical weathering?
Changes chemical composition
The physical breakdown and chemical alteration of rock at or near Earth’s surface.
Weathering
A metamorphic foliated rock that has visible mica flakes.
Schist
An example of a chemical sedimentary rock.
Limestone or Gypsum
Which component of detrital sedimentary rocks rarely occurs as a primary mineral in igneous rocks?
Clays
A type of weathering that is most effective in areas of high temperatures, and moist climates.
Chemical Weathering
The name of the deepest spot measured by the H.M.S. Challenger.
Challenger Deep
Sections that divide the ocean floor into continental margins, deep ocean basins, and mid-oceanic ridges.
Major Provinces of the Ocean Floor
What happens to the minerals in a limestone during metamorphism to a marble?
Calcite grains grow larger
What’s the name of the submerged parts of continents?
Continental Shelves
What is the position on the Earth’s surface directly above the earthquake source?
Epicenter
Small earthquakes that precede a big earthquake.
Small earthquakes that precede a big earthquake.
Percentage of the Earth that is covered in sedimentary rocks.
75%
What is the difference between a conglomerate and a breccia?
Angularity of Grains
A scientist who proposed the elastic rebound theory after the San Francisco Earthquake in 1906.
H.F. Reid
Percentage of the Earth’s crust that is made of sedimentary rocks.
5%
Sedimentary rocks composed of pieces of clay minerals, quartz, and feldspars.
Detrital Sedimentary Rocks
A mineral that is very resistant to weathering.
Quartz
A metamorphic rock whose main constituents are calcite and quartz.
Marble
Which statement about slate is not true?
Has abundant coarse grained mica
Percentage of the Earth that is covered in oceans.
70%
____ was involved in the comprehensive study of the Earth’s oceans
H.M.S. Challenger
The physical removal of material by mobile agents such as water, wind, ice, or gravity.
Erosion
Which is not necessary to form a metamorphic rock?
Calcium rich fluids
Scientist who formulated the seafloor spreading concept in 1960.
Harry Hess
A metamorphic rock composed of quartz.
Quartzite
Parent rock of slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss.
Shale
A scale that measures the intensity of an earthquake based on the damage that it causes.
Mercalli Scale
