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Geology 1301 > Geology Exam 2 Review > Flashcards

Geology Exam 2 Review Flashcards

To prepare for Exam 2

1
Q

The structure of the Rio Grande, that if it continued to be active, would’ve formed a new ocean.

A

Failed Rift

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2
Q

What conditions are most effective for frost wedging?

A

Moist and Temperate Climate

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3
Q

Who proposed the elastic rebound theory after which earthquake?

A

Dr. Reid, 1906 San Francisco

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4
Q

Device that operates by measuring the time required for a sound pulse to travel from a ship to the seafloor and back.

A

Echo Sounder or Sonar

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5
Q

Chemical, physical, and biological changes that take place after sediments are deposited and buried.

A

Diagenesis

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6
Q

What are the major constituents of a limestone?

A

Silica and calcite

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7
Q

Famous 7.8 magnitude earthquake that was followed by a fire.

A

1906 San Francisco Earthquake

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8
Q

What kind of weathering is happening when gabbro or diorite turns into clays?

A

Chemical

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9
Q

A type of fault whose displacement causes tsunamis.

A

Reverse or Thrust fault

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10
Q

In what climatic conditions is chemical weathering sped up?

A

Moist, high temperatures

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11
Q

The combination of water and carbon gas that dissolves calcite rocks.

A

Carbonic Acid

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12
Q

A type of metamorphosed coal.

A

Anthracite

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13
Q

What is the strong parallel alignment of coarse mica flakes or minerals in a metamorphic rock?

A

Foliation

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14
Q

What is not true about mechanical weathering?

A

Changes chemical composition

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15
Q

The physical breakdown and chemical alteration of rock at or near Earth’s surface.

A

Weathering

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16
Q

A metamorphic foliated rock that has visible mica flakes.

A

Schist

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17
Q

An example of a chemical sedimentary rock.

A

Limestone or Gypsum

18
Q

Which component of detrital sedimentary rocks rarely occurs as a primary mineral in igneous rocks?

A

Clays

19
Q

A type of weathering that is most effective in areas of high temperatures, and moist climates.

A

Chemical Weathering

20
Q

The name of the deepest spot measured by the H.M.S. Challenger.

A

Challenger Deep

21
Q

Sections that divide the ocean floor into continental margins, deep ocean basins, and mid-oceanic ridges.

A

Major Provinces of the Ocean Floor

22
Q

What happens to the minerals in a limestone during metamorphism to a marble?

A

Calcite grains grow larger

23
Q

What’s the name of the submerged parts of continents?

A

Continental Shelves

24
Q

What is the position on the Earth’s surface directly above the earthquake source?

A

Epicenter

25
Q

Small earthquakes that precede a big earthquake.

A

Small earthquakes that precede a big earthquake.

26
Q

Percentage of the Earth that is covered in sedimentary rocks.

A

75%

27
Q

What is the difference between a conglomerate and a breccia?

A

Angularity of Grains

28
Q

A scientist who proposed the elastic rebound theory after the San Francisco Earthquake in 1906.

A

H.F. Reid

29
Q

Percentage of the Earth’s crust that is made of sedimentary rocks.

A

5%

30
Q

Sedimentary rocks composed of pieces of clay minerals, quartz, and feldspars.

A

Detrital Sedimentary Rocks

31
Q

A mineral that is very resistant to weathering.

A

Quartz

32
Q

A metamorphic rock whose main constituents are calcite and quartz.

A

Marble

33
Q

Which statement about slate is not true?

A

Has abundant coarse grained mica

34
Q

Percentage of the Earth that is covered in oceans.

A

70%

35
Q

____ was involved in the comprehensive study of the Earth’s oceans

A

H.M.S. Challenger

36
Q

The physical removal of material by mobile agents such as water, wind, ice, or gravity.

A

Erosion

37
Q

Which is not necessary to form a metamorphic rock?

A

Calcium rich fluids

38
Q

Scientist who formulated the seafloor spreading concept in 1960.

A

Harry Hess

39
Q

A metamorphic rock composed of quartz.

A

Quartzite

40
Q

Parent rock of slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss.

A

Shale

41
Q

A scale that measures the intensity of an earthquake based on the damage that it causes.

A

Mercalli Scale

Geology 1301 (4 decks)

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