Geology Exam 1 Review

Question 1

A deep, vertical fault along which two plates slide past one another in opposite directions

Answer 1

Transform

Question 2

Type of lava flow with surfaces of rough, jagged blocks with dangerously sharp edges and spiny projections

Answer 2

Aa

Question 3

Particles in the outer shell of an atom that interact with other atoms to form chemical bonds

Answer 3

Valence Electrons

Question 4

The stratovolcano that destroyed the city of Pompeii

Answer 4

Mt. Vesuvius

Question 5

Hardest known substance in nature

Answer 5

Diamond

Question 6

Pull-apart rift zones are generally associated with a ________ plate boundary

Answer 6

Divergent

Question 7

Area where cooler, older, oceanic lithosphere sinks into the mantle

Answer 7

Subduction zone at convergent boundaries

Question 8

Resistance to flow

Answer 8

Viscosity

Question 9

Parent material for igneous rocks

Answer 9

Magma

Question 10

Hot gases infused with incandescent ash and large lava fragments

Answer 10

Pyroclastic Flows

Question 11

Open cavity in a volcanic rock that was filled by a gas bubble when the lava was still mainly liquid

Answer 11

Vesicle

Question 12

Example of a basaltic shield volcano

Answer 12

Kilauea, Mauna Loa

Found in Hawaii

Question 13

A tentative explanation that is then tested to determine if it’s valid

Answer 13

Hypothesis

Question 14

The intrusive version of basalt, mainly composed of sodium and/or calcium feldspars and pyroxene

Answer 14

Gabbro

Question 15

Well-tested and widely accepted view that best explains certain scientific observations

Answer 15

Theory

Question 16

Texture with large crystals embedded in a matrix of smaller crystals

Answer 16

Porphyritic

Question 17

NaCl

Answer 17

Salt

Question 18

Funnel shaped depression less than 1 km in length

Answer 18

Crater

Question 19

The scientist who proposed the Theory of Plate Tectonics in 1915

Answer 19

Alfred Wegener

Question 20

Type of fracture for obsidian

Answer 20

Conchoidal

Question 21

Process by which rocks break down in place to produce soils and sediments

Answer 21

Weathering

Question 22

Volcano whose eruptive activity is most likely to be highly explosive

Answer 22

Mt Fuji (Stratovolcano)

Question 23

A super continent that once existed consisting of all of Earth’s landmasses

Answer 23

Pangaea

Question 24

Visible quartz and potassium feldspar grains are the main constituents in this rock

Answer 24

Granite

Question 25

An incomprehensibly large explosion that sent all matter of the universe flying outward at incredible speeds

Answer 25

Big Bang

Question 26

Mineral with a hardness of 7

Answer 26

Quartz

Question 27

Overall appearance of an igneous rock based on the size, shape, and arrangement of mineral grains

Answer 27

Texture

Question 28

Needs to be naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, with a definite crystalline structure, and with a definite chemical composition

Answer 28

Mineral

Question 29

Describes the light reflecting characteristics of a mineral

Answer 29

Luster

Question 30

The color of a mineral in powder form

Answer 30

Streak

Question 31

Rocks formed by crystallization and consolidation of molten magma

Answer 31

Igneous Rock

Question 32

The strong tendency of certain minerals to break along smooth, parallel planes

Answer 32

Cleavage

Question 33

The active volcanic area surrounding the Pacific Ocean

Answer 33

Ring Of Fire

Question 34

What is the unit that denotes the purity of gold used in jewelry?

Answer 34

Karat

Question 35

Process in which facts are gathered through observation to formulate scientific hypotheses and theories

Answer 35

Scientific Method

Question 36

What elements form a tetrahedron?

Answer 36

Si and O

Question 37

A basic reference that divides the Earth into eons, eras, periods, and epochs

Answer 37

Geologic Timescale