Geology Chapter 3

Question 1

magnitude

Answer 1

the amount of energy released

Question 2

intensity

Answer 2

the effects of ground motion on people and structures

Question 3

earthquake cycle

Answer 3

a drop in elastic strain after an earthquake and a re accumulation of strain before the next event

Question 4

p waves

Answer 4

compressional or primary waves

-can travel through solid,liquid, and gas

Question 5

s waves

Answer 5

shear or secondary waves can travel only through solid materials

Question 6

surface waves

Answer 6

form and move along Earth’s surface

Question 7

tectonic creep

Answer 7

gradual movement along the fault

Question 8

fault

Answer 8

is a fracture or fracture system where rocks have been displaced;the Earth’s crust on one side of the fracture or fracture system has moved relative to the other side

Question 9

liquefaction

Answer 9

intense shaking can cause a near-surface layer of water saturated sand to change rapidly

Question 10

material amplification

Answer 10

strongly influences the amount of ground motion experienced

Question 11

modified mercalli scale

Answer 11

• 12 categories on this scale are assigned roman numerals

- each category contains a description of how people perceived the shaking

Question 12

moment magnitude

Answer 12

is determined from an estimate of the area that ruptured along a fault plane during the earthquake
the amount of movement or slippage and the rigidity of the rocks near the focus of the quake

Question 13

epicenter

Answer 13

is the place on the surface of Earth above where the ruptured rocks broke to produce the earthquake

Question 14

focus or hypocenter

Answer 14

directly below epicenter