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Year 8 Science > Geology > Flashcards

Geology Flashcards

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1
Q

MINERALS

A

Substance and chemicals

that create rocks

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2
Q

LITHOSPHERE

A

The earths furthermost layer from the earths core. It consist of mantle and crust.

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3
Q

Magma

A

A very hot mixture of rocks and gases. Magma is just below the earths surface.

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4
Q

Sediments

A

MATERIALS mostly consisting of rocks that are broken down by weathering and erosion and then moved by wind or water.

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5
Q

Native elements

A

Uncombined materials found in earths crusts

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6
Q

Crystals

A

Pieces of the same kind that are solid substance with highly transparent glass.

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7
Q

Lustre

A

The appearance of a mineral determined by the way it reflects light e.g waxy, metallic.

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8
Q

Streak

A

The powdery substance left after scratching the mineral rock on a ceramic tile

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9
Q

Hardness

A

Geology wise, the hardness of the rock is determined by scratching the rock. This shows how strong the rock is

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10
Q

Igneous rocks

A

Rocks that form from the cooling of lava or magma as it’s thrown through the air by a volcanoe

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11
Q

Extrusive rocks

A

Igneous rocks that cool down above earths surface

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12
Q

Pumice

A

A pale rock that can float on water. It is very light as it cools down very quickly because of it being thrown into the volcanic ashes and air. It has holes.

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13
Q

Scoria

A

A dark igneous rock from gassy lava that cools down very quickly

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14
Q

Abrasive

A

A property of a material or substance that looks powdery because it’s the substance that is scratched by another object. Pumice abrasive is used for cleaning products.

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15
Q

Basalt

A

A dark igneous rock with small crystals, fast cooling and has holes that once contained volcanic gases.

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16
Q

Obsidian

A

A black lustrous glassy rock that can be broken easily

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17
Q

Granite

A

Hard igneous rock with different colour crystals large enough to see. It’s an intrusive rock.

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18
Q

Batholiths

A

Intrusive rock mass that measure more than 100 km across

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19
Q

Intrusive rocks

A

Igneous rock that forms when magma cools below earth surface

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20
Q

Sedimentary rocks

A

Rocks that are formed from particles of sediments. Under pressure, weathering and erosion these sediments form together and make a rock.

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21
Q

Metamorphic rocks

A

Rocks that are formed from great pressure and heat, heat coming from the mantle and pressure coming from it being in the depth of the surface.

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22
Q

Erosion

A

The process of a substance losing its natural stand from weathering.

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23
Q

Floodplain

A

An area of low lying ground that is next to a river, formed by river sediment and subjects of flooding

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24
Q

Glacier

A

A slow moving mass of solid ice formed by the compaction of snow.

25
Q

Gneiss

A

A metamorphic rock, typically rough and consisting mainly of quartz and other minerals

26
Q

Slate

A

A fine grained rock , mostly the colour grey,very flat.

27
Q

Moraine

A

A mass of rocks and sediments carried down by a glacier.

28
Q

Sandstone

A

A sedimentary rock consisting mainly of sand and quartz.

29
Q

Conglomerate

A

A thing consisting of a number of different distinct parts that are grouped.

30
Q

Metamorphism

A

Change in form of a rock by heat, pressure.

31
Q

Coal

A

A black or dark brown rock that used to be plat life. It is used as fuel

32
Q

Mudstone

A

A dark sedimentary rock consisting of mostly mud.

33
Q

Shale

A

Soft finely flat sedimentary rock that is very fragile.

34
Q

Siltstone

A

Fine grained sedimentary rock consisting silt

35
Q

Limestone

A

A hard sedimentary rock composed mainly of dead sea animals.

36
Q

Rock salt

A

A sedimentary rock deposited when a salt lake is dried up, making its rocks mainly sodium chloride

37
Q

Mineral ores

A

Rock mined to obtain its metal or other chemicals in them.

38
Q

Mining

A

Extraction of natural resources from earths crusts

39
Q

Environmental impact statement

A

Study of possible effects of a planned project on the environment, nature.

40
Q

Rehabilitated

A

Changed back to its previous condition

41
Q

Overburden

A

Water rock moved from below the topsoil. This rock is replaced in another or its own original spot when the area is not needed.

42
Q

Open-cut mining

A

Mining that takes out soil and rocks from the surface of the land

43
Q

Underground mining

A

Mining that uses tunnels or shafts to go inside earths surface and remove rock deep below.

44
Q

Stone Age

A

An era about 2 millions Y ago during which early humans used and made things out of stones.

45
Q

Alloy

A

A mixture of metal with another metal or non metal

46
Q

Flint

A

A sedimentary rock which can be used to make fire and has very shrapnel edges when broken.

47
Q

Percussion flaking

A

A process where tool stones are used e.g fling were struck with harder stones to make large flakes, shedding that can be used for smaller tools.

48
Q

Fossil

A

Any remains or traces of animals or trees from former life

49
Q

Palaeontologist

A

A person who studies fossils

50
Q

Folding

A

The bulking of rocks, it is caused from pressure in both sides.

51
Q

Relative age

A

The age of a rock compared to another rock

52
Q

Mould

A

Cavity/fungi on a rock coming from an organism that died and it’s harder parts moulded into the rock.

53
Q

Trace fossils

A

Fossils that consist evidence such as footprints showing when the thing was present.

54
Q

Extinct

A

Things that are no longer alive, active or never to be seen anymore

55
Q

Carnivores

A

Animals that eat each other.

56
Q

Scavengers

A

Animals that eat dead plants or animal material.

57
Q

Ectothermic

A

An animal whose body temp is depended by its environment

58
Q

Endothermic

A

Able to maintain a constant temp that are usually above their surroundings but requires heat input to maintain.

Year 8 Science (4 decks)

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