Geology

Question 1

MINERALS

Answer 1

Substance and chemicals

that create rocks

Question 2

LITHOSPHERE

Answer 2

The earths furthermost layer from the earths core. It consist of mantle and crust.

Question 3

Magma

Answer 3

A very hot mixture of rocks and gases. Magma is just below the earths surface.

Question 4

Sediments

Answer 4

MATERIALS mostly consisting of rocks that are broken down by weathering and erosion and then moved by wind or water.

Question 5

Native elements

Answer 5

Uncombined materials found in earths crusts

Question 6

Crystals

Answer 6

Pieces of the same kind that are solid substance with highly transparent glass.

Question 7

Lustre

Answer 7

The appearance of a mineral determined by the way it reflects light e.g waxy, metallic.

Question 8

Streak

Answer 8

The powdery substance left after scratching the mineral rock on a ceramic tile

Question 9

Hardness

Answer 9

Geology wise, the hardness of the rock is determined by scratching the rock. This shows how strong the rock is

Question 10

Igneous rocks

Answer 10

Rocks that form from the cooling of lava or magma as it’s thrown through the air by a volcanoe

Question 11

Extrusive rocks

Answer 11

Igneous rocks that cool down above earths surface

Question 12

Pumice

Answer 12

A pale rock that can float on water. It is very light as it cools down very quickly because of it being thrown into the volcanic ashes and air. It has holes.

Question 13

Scoria

Answer 13

A dark igneous rock from gassy lava that cools down very quickly

Question 14

Abrasive

Answer 14

A property of a material or substance that looks powdery because it’s the substance that is scratched by another object. Pumice abrasive is used for cleaning products.

Question 15

Basalt

Answer 15

A dark igneous rock with small crystals, fast cooling and has holes that once contained volcanic gases.

Question 16

Obsidian

Answer 16

A black lustrous glassy rock that can be broken easily

Question 17

Granite

Answer 17

Hard igneous rock with different colour crystals large enough to see. It’s an intrusive rock.

Question 18

Batholiths

Answer 18

Intrusive rock mass that measure more than 100 km across

Question 19

Intrusive rocks

Answer 19

Igneous rock that forms when magma cools below earth surface

Question 20

Sedimentary rocks

Answer 20

Rocks that are formed from particles of sediments. Under pressure, weathering and erosion these sediments form together and make a rock.

Question 21

Metamorphic rocks

Answer 21

Rocks that are formed from great pressure and heat, heat coming from the mantle and pressure coming from it being in the depth of the surface.

Question 22

Erosion

Answer 22

The process of a substance losing its natural stand from weathering.

Question 23

Floodplain

Answer 23

An area of low lying ground that is next to a river, formed by river sediment and subjects of flooding

Question 24

Glacier

Answer 24

A slow moving mass of solid ice formed by the compaction of snow.

Question 25

Gneiss

Answer 25

A metamorphic rock, typically rough and consisting mainly of quartz and other minerals

Question 26

Slate

Answer 26

A fine grained rock , mostly the colour grey,very flat.

Question 27

Moraine

Answer 27

A mass of rocks and sediments carried down by a glacier.

Question 28

Sandstone

Answer 28

A sedimentary rock consisting mainly of sand and quartz.

Question 29

Conglomerate

Answer 29

A thing consisting of a number of different distinct parts that are grouped.

Question 30

Metamorphism

Answer 30

Change in form of a rock by heat, pressure.

Question 31

Coal

Answer 31

A black or dark brown rock that used to be plat life. It is used as fuel

Question 32

Mudstone

Answer 32

A dark sedimentary rock consisting of mostly mud.

Question 33

Shale

Answer 33

Soft finely flat sedimentary rock that is very fragile.

Question 34

Siltstone

Answer 34

Fine grained sedimentary rock consisting silt

Question 35

Limestone

Answer 35

A hard sedimentary rock composed mainly of dead sea animals.

Question 36

Rock salt

Answer 36

A sedimentary rock deposited when a salt lake is dried up, making its rocks mainly sodium chloride

Question 37

Mineral ores

Answer 37

Rock mined to obtain its metal or other chemicals in them.

Question 38

Mining

Answer 38

Extraction of natural resources from earths crusts

Question 39

Environmental impact statement

Answer 39

Study of possible effects of a planned project on the environment, nature.

Question 40

Rehabilitated

Answer 40

Changed back to its previous condition

Question 41

Overburden

Answer 41

Water rock moved from below the topsoil. This rock is replaced in another or its own original spot when the area is not needed.

Question 42

Open-cut mining

Answer 42

Mining that takes out soil and rocks from the surface of the land

Question 43

Underground mining

Answer 43

Mining that uses tunnels or shafts to go inside earths surface and remove rock deep below.

Question 44

Stone Age

Answer 44

An era about 2 millions Y ago during which early humans used and made things out of stones.

Question 45

Alloy

Answer 45

A mixture of metal with another metal or non metal

Question 46

Flint

Answer 46

A sedimentary rock which can be used to make fire and has very shrapnel edges when broken.

Question 47

Percussion flaking

Answer 47

A process where tool stones are used e.g fling were struck with harder stones to make large flakes, shedding that can be used for smaller tools.

Question 48

Fossil

Answer 48

Any remains or traces of animals or trees from former life

Question 49

Palaeontologist

Answer 49

A person who studies fossils

Question 50

Folding

Answer 50

The bulking of rocks, it is caused from pressure in both sides.

Question 51

Relative age

Answer 51

The age of a rock compared to another rock

Question 52

Mould

Answer 52

Cavity/fungi on a rock coming from an organism that died and it's harder parts moulded into the rock.

Question 53

Trace fossils

Answer 53

Fossils that consist evidence such as footprints showing when the thing was present.

Question 54

Extinct

Answer 54

Things that are no longer alive, active or never to be seen anymore

Question 55

Carnivores

Answer 55

Animals that eat each other.

Question 56

Scavengers

Answer 56

Animals that eat dead plants or animal material.

Question 57

Ectothermic

Answer 57

An animal whose body temp is depended by its environment

Question 58

Endothermic

Answer 58

Able to maintain a constant temp that are usually above their surroundings but requires heat input to maintain.