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Year 8 Science > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

Light microscopes

A

Instruments used for viewing very small objects

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2
Q

Electron microscopes

A

Instrument also used for viewing very small objects, but much more powerful than a light microscope it can magnify things up to a million times

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3
Q

Monocular

A

Describes microscopes through which the specimen is seen using one eye only

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4
Q

Binocular

A

Opposite of monocular, both eyes used to view the object

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5
Q

Nucleus

A

Central part of cell

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6
Q

Chromosomes

A

Tiny thread inside the nuclear, they contain genetic information and DNA

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7
Q

DNA DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID

A

Chemical substance found in all living things that has genetic info of an organism.

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8
Q

Mitosis

A

Cell division process that results in a new cells with the same amount of chromosomes as the first one

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9
Q

Clones

A

Identical copy

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10
Q

Cytokinesis

A

The process where the cytoplasm of a cell divides to form two daughter cells

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11
Q

Infectious disease

A

Disease that can be transferred from one organism to another

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12
Q

Non infectious disease

A

Disease that cannot be transferred from one organism to another

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13
Q

Antibiotics

A

Substance derived from a microorganism and used to kill bacteria

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14
Q

Disinfectants

A

Chemicals used to kill bacteria on a surface or non living object

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15
Q

Antiseptics

A

Mild disinfectant used on body to kill microbe

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16
Q

Bactericidal

A

Describes an antiseptic that kills bacteria

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17
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

Describes an antiseptic that stops bacteria from growing or dividing but does not kill them

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18
Q

Multicellular

A

Having many cells, many plants and animals are multicellular

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19
Q

Unicellular

A

Organism with only one cell

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20
Q

Micrometer

A

One millionth of a meter

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21
Q

Nanometer

A

One billionth of a meter

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22
Q

Nanotechnology

A

Study and investigation of cells and other objects that are very small

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23
Q

Prokaryote

A

Classified as part of the prokaryote kingdom

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24
Q

Eukaryote

A

Part of the group of organisms

25
Q

Phloem

A

Type of tissue that transports sugars

26
Q

Endocrine

A

Where most hormones are created and secrete them usually into the blood

27
Q

Translocation

A

Transport of materials such as water and glucose in plants

28
Q

Xylem vessels

A

Pipelines for the flow of water made up of dead xylem cell, lignin, woody substance gives them their strength

29
Q

Lignin

A

Hard substance in the walls of xylem vessels, lignin forms 30% of wood trees

30
Q

Stomata

A

Small opening mainly on the lower surface of leaves, these pores are open and closed by guard cells

31
Q

Transpiration system

A

Movement of water through a plant as a result of loss of water.

32
Q

Vascular bundles

A

Groups of xylem and phloem vessels within plant stems

33
Q

Transpiration

A

Loss of water from plant leaves

34
Q

Guard cells

A

Cells on either side of a stoma that work together to control the opening and closing of the stoma.

35
Q

Wilt

A

Droop plant stem and leaves wilt when there is insufficient water in their cells.

36
Q

Vacuoles

A

Sacs within a cell used to store food and waste , plant cells usually have big ones whilst animal cells have small ones but many more.

37
Q

Flaccid

A

Describes cells that are not firm due to loss of water

38
Q

Turgid

A

Something that’s firm

39
Q

Cell membrane

A

Structure that encloses the content of a cell and allows movement

40
Q

Cytosol

A

Fluid inside cells

41
Q

Ribosomes

A

Small strictures within a cell in which protein such as enzymes are made

42
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The jelly like material inside a cell.

43
Q

Metabolism

A

Chemical reaction occurring within an organism that enables the organism to use energy and grow and repair cells

44
Q

Binary fission

A

Reproduction by the division of an organism into two new organisms

45
Q

Animalia

A

Kingdom of organism

46
Q

Mitochondria

A

Small rod shaped organelles that supply energy

47
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Chemical reaction involving oxygen that move energy in glucose into ATP which the cell can use

48
Q

Chlorophyll

A

The green coloured chemical in plants that absorb light for photosynthesis.

49
Q

Stereo

A

Describes microscopes through which both eyes are used

50
Q

Epidermis

A

Outermost layer of skin

51
Q

Dermis

A

Medical name for the deeper part of skin

52
Q

Sweat glands

A

Tiny coiled tube in the skin through which water and salt are removed from the body, mainly for body temp.

53
Q

Receptors

A

Special cells that detect energy and convert it to electrical energy that is sent to the brain

54
Q

Pores

A

Small openings in the skin perspiration reaches the skin through pores

55
Q

Evaporates

A

Change state from a liquid to a gas, evaporation occurs only from the surface of a liquid

56
Q

Cancer

A

A disease resulting in the uncontrolled growth of body cells resulting in tumour

57
Q

Tumour

A

An abnormal growth

58
Q

Benign

A

Describes tumours that don’t spread to other parts of the body

59
Q

Malignant

A

Describes tumours that can spread to other parts of the body and damage other cells

Year 8 Science (4 decks)

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