Cells Flashcards
Light microscopes
Instruments used for viewing very small objects
Electron microscopes
Instrument also used for viewing very small objects, but much more powerful than a light microscope it can magnify things up to a million times
Monocular
Describes microscopes through which the specimen is seen using one eye only
Binocular
Opposite of monocular, both eyes used to view the object
Nucleus
Central part of cell
Chromosomes
Tiny thread inside the nuclear, they contain genetic information and DNA
DNA DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
Chemical substance found in all living things that has genetic info of an organism.
Mitosis
Cell division process that results in a new cells with the same amount of chromosomes as the first one
Clones
Identical copy
Cytokinesis
The process where the cytoplasm of a cell divides to form two daughter cells
Infectious disease
Disease that can be transferred from one organism to another
Non infectious disease
Disease that cannot be transferred from one organism to another
Antibiotics
Substance derived from a microorganism and used to kill bacteria
Disinfectants
Chemicals used to kill bacteria on a surface or non living object
Antiseptics
Mild disinfectant used on body to kill microbe
Bactericidal
Describes an antiseptic that kills bacteria
Bacteriostatic
Describes an antiseptic that stops bacteria from growing or dividing but does not kill them
Multicellular
Having many cells, many plants and animals are multicellular
Unicellular
Organism with only one cell
Micrometer
One millionth of a meter
Nanometer
One billionth of a meter
Nanotechnology
Study and investigation of cells and other objects that are very small
Prokaryote
Classified as part of the prokaryote kingdom
Eukaryote
Part of the group of organisms
Phloem
Type of tissue that transports sugars
Endocrine
Where most hormones are created and secrete them usually into the blood
Translocation
Transport of materials such as water and glucose in plants
Xylem vessels
Pipelines for the flow of water made up of dead xylem cell, lignin, woody substance gives them their strength
Lignin
Hard substance in the walls of xylem vessels, lignin forms 30% of wood trees
Stomata
Small opening mainly on the lower surface of leaves, these pores are open and closed by guard cells
Transpiration system
Movement of water through a plant as a result of loss of water.
Vascular bundles
Groups of xylem and phloem vessels within plant stems
Transpiration
Loss of water from plant leaves
Guard cells
Cells on either side of a stoma that work together to control the opening and closing of the stoma.
Wilt
Droop plant stem and leaves wilt when there is insufficient water in their cells.
Vacuoles
Sacs within a cell used to store food and waste , plant cells usually have big ones whilst animal cells have small ones but many more.
Flaccid
Describes cells that are not firm due to loss of water
Turgid
Something that’s firm
Cell membrane
Structure that encloses the content of a cell and allows movement
Cytosol
Fluid inside cells
Ribosomes
Small strictures within a cell in which protein such as enzymes are made
Cytoplasm
The jelly like material inside a cell.
Metabolism
Chemical reaction occurring within an organism that enables the organism to use energy and grow and repair cells
Binary fission
Reproduction by the division of an organism into two new organisms
Animalia
Kingdom of organism
Mitochondria
Small rod shaped organelles that supply energy
Cellular respiration
Chemical reaction involving oxygen that move energy in glucose into ATP which the cell can use
Chlorophyll
The green coloured chemical in plants that absorb light for photosynthesis.
Stereo
Describes microscopes through which both eyes are used
Epidermis
Outermost layer of skin
Dermis
Medical name for the deeper part of skin
Sweat glands
Tiny coiled tube in the skin through which water and salt are removed from the body, mainly for body temp.
Receptors
Special cells that detect energy and convert it to electrical energy that is sent to the brain
Pores
Small openings in the skin perspiration reaches the skin through pores
Evaporates
Change state from a liquid to a gas, evaporation occurs only from the surface of a liquid
Cancer
A disease resulting in the uncontrolled growth of body cells resulting in tumour
Tumour
An abnormal growth
Benign
Describes tumours that don’t spread to other parts of the body
Malignant
Describes tumours that can spread to other parts of the body and damage other cells