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Geology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

World’s Hardest Mineral

A

Diamond

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2
Q

Diamond Material

A

Carbon

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3
Q

Green Beryl Gem

A

Emerald

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4
Q

“Mutton Fat” nephrite

A

Jade (often it’s green, not always)

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5
Q

Types of Rock

A

Igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary
Igneous - Obsidian (volcanic glass), granite, basalt, and andesite porphyry
Metamorphic - slate, marble, schist, and quartzite
Sedimentary - limestone, a sedimentary rock, that was a coral reef

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6
Q

Yellow or Golden Gem

A

Topaz

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7
Q

Purple Quartz

A

Amethyst

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8
Q

Gem Named after a Tsarina

A

Alexandrite

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9
Q

Gem Found in Tanzania

A

Tanzanite

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10
Q

Green Chalcedony spotted with red Jasper

A

Bloodstone

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11
Q

Reddish-Brown Gem

A

Garnet

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12
Q

Black Organic Gem

A

Jet

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13
Q

Opaque Blue or Azure Gemstone (sometimes flecked)

A

Lapis Lazuli

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14
Q

Often Blue Corundum

A

Sapphire - 9 on the Mohs scale (the third hardest mineral, right behind diamond

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15
Q

Red Corundum

A

Ruby

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16
Q

Kashmire Blue Type of Gem

A

Sapphire

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17
Q

Star of Indian Type of Gem

A

Ruby

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18
Q

95.5 Carat Diamond in the Smithsonian

A

Hope Diamond

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19
Q

Largest Gem Quality Diamond

A

Golden Jubilee Diamond (546 Carats)

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20
Q

Largest Rough Diamond Ever Discovered

A

Cullinan Diamond (3,107 carats)

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21
Q

Diamond in Titanic

A

Heart of the Ocean

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22
Q

Carat

A

a unit of mass for gemstones, equal to 0.2 gram

Carat (purity) or karat, a unit of purity for gold

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23
Q

January

A

Garnet

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24
Q

February

A

Amethyst

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25
Q

March

A

Aquamarine

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26
Q

April

A

Diamond

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27
Q

May

A

Emerald

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28
Q

June

A

Pearl

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29
Q

July

A

Ruby

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30
Q

August

A

Peridot

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31
Q

September

A

Sapphire

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32
Q

October

A

Opal

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33
Q

November

A

Topaz

34
Q

December

A

Turquoise

35
Q

Study of Earth’s Physical Properties

A

Geophysics

36
Q

Study of the Motion of Earth’s Plate

A

Tectonics

37
Q

Study of Rocks

A

Petrology

38
Q

Earth’s Age

A

4.5 Billion years

39
Q

Earth’s Outer Layer

A

Crust

40
Q

Earth’s Laywer below the crust

A

Mantle

41
Q

Current Geologic Period

A

Quaternary

42
Q

Current Geologic Epoch

A

Holocene

43
Q

Current Geologic Era

A

Cenozoic (Recent Life)

44
Q

Middle Geologic Era

A

Mesozoic (Middle Life)

45
Q

Early Geologic Era

A

Paleozoic (Ancient life)

46
Q

Ancient Super Continent, 240 Million Years Ago

A

Pangaea

47
Q

Northern SuperContinent, 120 Million Years Ago

A

Laurasia

48
Q

Southern Super Continent, 120 Million Years Ago

A

Gondwana

49
Q

Earth’s Energy

A

Geothermal

50
Q

Ocean Surrounded by Volcanic “Ring of Fire”

A

Pacific

51
Q

Large Volcanic Crater

A

Caldera

52
Q

Scale Measuring Earthquake Intensity

A

RIchter Scale

53
Q

Tidal Wave Caused by an Earthquake

A

Tsunami

54
Q

Fool’s Gold

A

IRon Pyrite

55
Q

Uranium and Radium Ore

A

Pitchblende

56
Q

Aluminum Ore

A

Bauxite

57
Q

Murcury Ore

A

Cinnabar

58
Q

Copper Ore

A

Cuprite

59
Q

Lead ore

A

Galena

60
Q

Hard Carbon

A

Diamond

61
Q

Soft Carbon

A

Graphite

62
Q

Hard Coal

A

Anthracite

63
Q

Soft Coal

A

Bituminous

64
Q

Brown Coal

A

Lignite

65
Q

Deep Black Ignite

A

Jef

66
Q

Dense Rock Formed from Cooling Lava

A

Basalt

67
Q

Glass Formed from Cooling Lava

A

Obsidian

68
Q

Earth’s Crust most abundant rock

A

Igneous

69
Q

Most Common Ignous Rock

A

Graphite

70
Q

Soft Igneous Rock

A

Pumice

71
Q

Shale Rock Type

A

Sedimentary

72
Q

Translucent Gypsum

A

Alabaster

73
Q

Cave Ceiling Fixtures

A

Stalactites

74
Q

Cave Floor Fixtures

A

Stalagmites

75
Q

Scale Measuring Mineral Hardness

A

Mohs Scale

76
Q

Diamond Rating on Mohs Scale

A

Ten

77
Q

Ruby Rating on Mohs

A

9

78
Q

Talc Rating on Mohs Scale

A

1

79
Q

Large California Fault Line

A

San Andreas Fault

80
Q

Large East Africa Fault Line

A

Great Rift Valley

Science (21 decks)

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