geology 3

Question 1

what is groundwater

Answer 1

water that flows underground
porosity-empty space in rock
permeability-rate of water flowing through rock

Question 2

what is infiltration

Answer 2

water that soaks into the ground

Question 3

some of aeration

Answer 3

pore spaces contain air and some water

Question 4

what is the water table

Answer 4

surface where pore spaces only contain water

Question 5

what is the zone of saturation

Answer 5

area which pore spaces only contain water

Question 6

what is capillary fringe

Answer 6

area above water table -water is pulled above water table

Question 7

what does water table depth depend on

Answer 7

amount of rainfall
-season
-climate
-time between rainfalls
slope of surface

Question 8

what are the karst topography structures

Answer 8

sinkholes
caves
stalactilites
stalagmites 
columns

Question 9

what is a desert

Answer 9

arid regions characterized by less than 25cm of rain per year

Question 10

what is the rain shadow effect

Answer 10

air goes over mountain and dry air goes over backside of mountain then absorbs mouisture

Question 11

5 types of dunes

Answer 11

barchan dune
transverse dunes
parabolic dunes
longitudinal dunes
star dunes

Question 12

what are landslides

Answer 12

movement of loose material down a slope
driving force is gravity
trigger-most common is rainfall

Question 13

underlying causes of landslides

Answer 13

steep slopes
over-steepening
overloading the top of the slope
deforestation

Question 14

types of movements and material in a landslide

Answer 14

fall,flow,slide

rock,mud,debris

Question 15

2 types of shoreline features

Answer 15

depositional-sand moves and deposited by ocean currents

erosional-formed by waves weathering and eroding the shoreline

Question 16

what is wave energy

Answer 16

depth is 1/2 of wave length

Question 17

what is longshore current

Answer 17

zigzag motioning surf zone

swash and backwash

Question 18

how is a glacier formed

Answer 18

snow accumulates faster than it melts

Question 19

2 types of glaciers

Answer 19

alpine(valley)-
form in mountains
rivers of ice
continental-
ice sheets

Question 20

how does a glacier advance and retreat

Answer 20

advances-when accumulation exceeds melting

retreats-when melting exceeds accumulation

Question 21

depositional features of glaciers

Answer 21

moraines(till)
lateral
medial
end

Question 22

what are the river stages

Answer 22

stage 1-v-shaped, few tributaries
stage 2-floodplain develops
stage 3-meandering channel,wide floodplain,oxbows

Question 23

what is running water

Answer 23

includes all precipitation that falls on land
moves downhill due to gravity
water is an agent of weathering and erosion

Question 24

what is the source and mouth of a stream

Answer 24

source-a streams beginning, source is a mountain range

mouth-a streams end, a mouth is another body of water

Question 25

what is a delta

Answer 25

landform at mouth that projects into a quiet body of water

Question 26

what is a river system

Answer 26

a river and all of its tributaries

area of land drained by a river system is called a drainage basin