astronomy 2

Question 1

what is the difference between rotation and revolution

Answer 1

rotate-spin

revolution-motion around another object

Question 2

what does earths rotation produce

Answer 2

night and day

Question 3

how do we know earth rotates

Answer 3

Foucaults pendulum - earth rotates beneath it

Question 4

what is earths orbit shape

Answer 4

elliptical

Question 5

how do we know the earth revolves around the sun

Answer 5

parallax- shift in position of a nearby star

Question 6

why do we see different constellations

Answer 6

because we revolve around the sun

see constellations that are opposite the sun

Question 7

what are seasons caused by

Answer 7

earths revolution

earths tilt

Question 8

what way is the earth tipped during summer and winter

Answer 8

toward the sun

away from the sun

Question 9

what is precession

Answer 9

movement of earths axis

axis wobbles slowly over time

Question 10

when is the sun highest and lowest in the sky

Answer 10

highest on the summer solstice

lowest on winter solstice

Question 11

where does the sun rise and set on the equinoxes

the fall and winter the spring and summer

Answer 11

exactly in the east and west
sun rises SE and sets SW
rises NE and sets NW

Question 12

what is the celestial equator

Answer 12

projection of earths equator in space

at the earths equator the celestial equator is directly overhead

Question 13

what is the ecliptic

Answer 13

the path the sun travels in the sky

zodiacs located along the ecliptic

Question 14

what is altitude

Answer 14

angle of the sun above the horizon

no direction on altitude

Question 15

what is moon phase

Answer 15

the amount of the moon that is visible from the earth
waxing-revolving toward full
waning-revolving toward new

Question 16

how long does it take for the moon to revolve around the earth

Answer 16

moon revolves around earth in 29 days- full moon to full moon

Question 17

why does the moon rise and set

Answer 17

because the earth rotates

Question 18

what is an eclipse

Answer 18

an eclipse is when an object in space passes into the shadow created by another object in space
umbra-total shadow
penumbra-partial shadow

Question 19

types of lunar eclipses

Answer 19

total lunar eclipse-moon passes into earths umbra

partial lunar eclipse-moon passes into earths penumbra

Question 20

types of solar eclipses

Answer 20

total solar eclipse-moons umbra falls on the earth
partial solar eclipse-moons penumbra falls on the earth
annular eclipse- ring is visible moon doesn’t quite cover the sun

Question 21

how did the moon form

Answer 21

formed from a collision with a mars sized object
debris from collision accelerated into the moon
surface bombarded by meteorites

Question 22

properties of the moon

Answer 22

gravity 1/6 of earths
rocks are igneous
average density is less than earths
mass is about 1/80 of earths

Question 23

dark area of moons surface

Answer 23

maria-basins of basaltic rock 3.1-3.8 billion years old

Question 24

lighter areas of moons surface

Answer 24

lunar highlands-on the edge of maria 4.0-4.30 billion years old

Question 25

what causes tides

Answer 25

moons gravity and earths rotation

Question 26

what is solar noon

Answer 26

occurs when the sun is at its highest point does not occur at the same time for everyone earth rotates 15 degrees per hour every degree of longitude is 4 minutes of solar time

Question 27

4 different time zones

Answer 27

eastern central(-1) mountain(-2) pacific(-3)

Question 28

what is the international dateline

Answer 28

180 degrees meridian day starts and date changes when crossing it moving west-add a day moving easy-lose a day

Question 29

what is a solar system

Answer 29

objects in orbit around the sun includes: planets, moons, asteroids, comets

Question 30

greeks early solar system model

Answer 30

greeks thought that all planets orbited the earth | geocentric model

Question 31

solar system formation

Answer 31

proto-planetary disc -cloud of gas and dust gravity pulls particles together sun forms-fusion of hydrogen planets form from remaining material through accretion

Question 32

inner planets

Answer 32

``` four planets nearest the sun contains heaviest elements have solid surfaces dense cores mercury,venus,earth and mars ```

Question 33

asteroid belt

Answer 33

rocks and dust between mars and jupiter | debris never became a planet because of Jupiter’s gravity

Question 34

outer planets

Answer 34

``` four planets beyond asteroid belt jovian planets or gas giants no solid surface made up of gases solid cores Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune ```

Question 35

kuiper belt

Answer 35

belt of debris at the edge of the solar system | dwarf planet pluto is the most massive object in belt

Question 36

which planet is the most massive

Answer 36

jupiter

Question 37

which planet have rings

Answer 37

saturn

Question 38

what is olympus mons and valles marineris

Answer 38

volcano extinct on mars | huge canyon on mars

Question 39

what holds planets in their orbits

Answer 39

the suns gravity

Question 40

phases of the moon in order

Answer 40

``` new moon waxing crescent first quarter waxing gibbous full moon waning gibbous last quarter waning crescent ```