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Science > earth and space 2 > Flashcards

earth and space 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is an air mass

A

large chunk of air that acquires characteristics of location

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2
Q

what is a front

A

boundary between 2 different air masses

always attached to low pressure, never high

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3
Q

4 types of fronts

A

cold front
warm front
stationary front
occluded front

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4
Q

changes that occur when a cold front passes through

A 
pressure rises
temp drops
winds shift to north 
rain
cumulonimbus
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5
Q

changes seen when warm front passes

A 
pressure drops
temp increases 
winds shift to south
rain is produced 
stratiform clouds
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6
Q

changes for stationary front

A

neither cold nor warm air is advancing
soaking rains produced
nimbostratus clouds

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7
Q

changes with occluded front

A

cold front catches a warm front

behaves like a cold front

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8
Q

what is a forecast

A

an educated prediction of the future weather

based on observation of current conditions

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9
Q

what way does our weather system move

A

west to east
steered by jet stream
pushed by prevailing wind

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10
Q

how do you locate a front

A

locate low pressure system
look for patterns in temp
identify which way air masses are moving

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11
Q

what is a hurricane

A

tropical cyclone
area of very low pressure
winds rotate in counter clockwise direction

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12
Q

what do you need for a hurricane to form

A

needs to be over warm water
high humidity
low wind shear

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13
Q

hurricane origin

A

atlantic hurricanes begin as storms(tropical waves) off the west coast of africa
pushed by prevailing winds
pick up energy from warm ocean water

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14
Q

characteristics of a hurricane

A 
high wind speed-74mph 
storm surge
very low pressure
very large 
produce heavy rainfall
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15
Q

anatomy of a hurricane

A

rain bands - where air rises and sinks
eye of hurricane
eye wall

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16
Q

how are hurricanes classified

A

by their wind speed

17
Q

how does the shape of the coast effect storm surge

A

if it is a gentle slope there will be a greater storm surge

18
Q

what is a thunderstorm

A

cumulonimbus clouds

must have lightning and thunder

19
Q

severe/strong storms have -

A

hail
high wind speeds
tornadoes

20
Q

what is a frontal thunderstorm

A

when a cold air mass collided with a warm air mass-cold front
cold air causes the warm air to rise quickly forming cumulonimbus clouds
often strong and can last for several hours

21
Q

what is an air mass thunderstorm

A

single storm and no fronts
air parcel rises bc it is warmer than the surrounding air
rises quickly bc upper air is cold

22
Q

what are the two processes of precipitation

A

warm cloud- water droplets bump into other droplets enough mass/density to fall to earth
cold cloud/ice process- super cooled water evaporates
deposited onto ice crystals

23
Q

what is hail

A

ice particles produced by up draft in severe thunderstorms

the more severe the storm-the larger the hail stone

24
Q

what are the types of lighting

A

cloud to cloud-most common
cloud to ground- common
ground to cloud- least common

25
Q

what is larkos triangle

A

area which has the right conditions to create tornadoes

located between cold front and warm front

26
Q

how do they classify tornadoes

A

based on damage, EF0-EF5

27
Q

special cases of tornadoes

A

water spout - tornado that forms on water

microburst- damage is not in a circular motion like a tornado might be

28
Q

what type of air masses produce tornadoes

A

continental polar and maritime tropical

29
Q

what is lake effect snow

A

a weather phenomenon created when cold, dry air picks up moisture and heat by passing over a relatively warm lake

30
Q

components to create lake effect snow

A

warm lake- not a temp, just a big difference between air and water
winds need to come from north or northwest

31
Q

when and where does lake effect snow happen

A

most common in late fall or early winter
most pronounced when lake is not frozen
south and east sides of lakes

32
Q

influence of elevation on lake effect snow

A

elevation enhances lake effect snow

more snow is squeezed out of air

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