Geography- Urban issues + challenges Flashcards
What is causing urbanisation?
- Rural to urban migration (movement of people from countryside to cities)
- Natural increase (when birth rates exceed death rates)
What are the push factors to live in an urban area?
- Natural disasters can damage property + farmland - costly
- Crime rate
- Low pay
- War + conflict
- Few services
- Pollution
What are the push factors to live in urban area?
- Improved living conditions
- Low crime rate
- Job opportunities
- Area of outstanding natural beauty
- Better transport links
- Better services
What is a megacity?
A city with a population of over 10 million
Reasons to support Adani redevelopment plan
- Improve quality of life and standard of living
- Better living conditions
Reasons against Adani redevelopment plan
- Destroy sense of community
- People don’t want to move
- Many people will loose homes
Challenges before Slum sanitation project
- exposed to disease
- stray dogs
- very dirty
- no electricity
- no water
- no privacy
Challenges of slum sanitation project
- access
- intensive manual labour
Positives of slum redevelopment project
- free housing (for some)
- good transport links
- lots of jobs can be found
- better toilet facilities
- reliable electricity, sewage systems + lighting
- improves image of mumbai
Negatives of slum redevelopment project
- housing is only for those who have records (40% dont)
- 70% of land is being used to build luxury homes- sold on open market
- existing communities will be broken up
- possibility it may not happen
- high towers- no ventilation- more people per sq km
Why is London important?
-Business and trade
-Education and research
-Sustainability
-Transport and connectivity
-Immigration
-Leisure and tourism
-History, culture & arts
Definition of migrant
A migrant is a person who moves permanently from one place to another
Definition of immigrant
An immigrant is a person seen by others to be moving permanently into their place
Definition of emigrant
An emigrant person seem to have this with moving permanently away from their place
What is the inner city cycle of decline
Industry declines and companies move away—> skilled people move away from inner city to suburbs
How is London changing
- Gentrification
- Left the EU- increased costs
- Transport links, airports- approved 3rd runway at Heathrow for business access
- Population increase- due to migration, natural increase
Positives of The olympic park
- £17 billion invested into transport improvements
- 9000 new homes were built - 40% will be affordable
- Parkland for public use , new green spaces and wildlife habitats were created
- unemployment overall fell across London during olympic period
- stadiums made of at least 25 % recycled materials
- 12,000 permanent jobs were created during regeneration project
Negatives of The olympic park project
- Much wildlife relocated
- Cost £701 million pounds- 3x original estimated cost
- Games produced 3.3 million tons of CO2
- Rents and property prices have gone up
- The ‘affordable rents’ for the 2,800 new homes will be unaffordable foe Newham’s poorest
What is a greenfield site
A greenfield site is undeveloped land in an urban oral area, either used for agriculture or landscape design
What is a brownfield site?
The brownfield site is land that has been used, abandoned and can be cleared for a new building development in the inner city
Solutions to the growing waste problem in London
- Rubbish cafe- exchange rubbish for food
- Individual action- floating bike
- Incinerating waste to produce energy
- Aerobic incinerator- generates renewable energy
How does Freiburg conserve water
- collect rainwater
- green roofs
How does Freiburg conserve energy?
- efficient technology
- use of renewable energy sources
How does Freiburg create green space?
- 44,000 trees have been planted
- 40 % of city is forested
What transport strategies reduce traffic congestion in Freiburg
- low fares allow unlimited travel
- tram network is connected to the bus routes
- 400km of cycle paths
- restriction on car parking spaces
How is London important?
- business and trade
- education and research
- immigration
- transport and connectivity
- history, culture and arts
- leisure and tourism
- sustainability
How does education and research in London show its importance?
- Home to 40 of the World’s top universities
- 410,000 students attend university in London
- over 1/2 of Londoner’s have a degree
- London has over 4,500 world-class researchers and renowned medical and clinical trial centres
How does leisure and tourism show London’s importance?
- airports developed for tourists
- highest tourist spend in the world with $21.1 billion in 2011
- London has approximately 300 theatres, 12,000 restaurants, 500 cinema screens and 240 museums
How does London’s business and trade show its importance?
