Geography test on Tsunamis & Volcanoes Flashcards
What is the rocky part of the crust called?
Lithosphere
What is the underwater part of the crust called?
Hydrosphere
What is a Constructive plate boundary?
When 2 plates of continental crust move away from each other.
What is a destructive/Convergent Plate boundary?
When the oceanic crust collides with the continental crust. The oceanic crust is forced down melting and destroying it.
What is a conservative plate boundary
This is when 2 plates slide past each other in the same or opposite direction
What is the main cause of an earthquake?
Movement of the Earth’s tectonic plates.
What are some damages caused by earthquakes?
Fires from broken gas pipes and electricity cables.
All infrastructure is destroyed.
Loss of lives and property.
What are some causes of tsunami?
Earthquakes ( most common)
Volcanic eruptions
Landslides
Seamount collapse
Meteorite impact.
What are some damages of tsunamis?
No clean water, food and shelter
Loss of lives due to drowning and injuries.
Destruction of infrastructure near the coast.
What are volcanoes?
These are structures where lava shoots out or erupts through the ground.
How do volcanoes erupt?
When magma beneath the earth’s crust is forced up to the surface.
What are the main types of volcanoes?
Shield volcano.
Composite or strato volcano.
Cinder volcano.
How is a shield volcano formed?
They are formed by frequent, gentle eruptions of runny lava that cools and hardens over time.
What are some features of shield volcanoes?
They have…
Gently sloping sides
Made of layers of solidified lava.
What is one example of a shield volcano?
Mauna loa, hawaii
How are composite/ strato volcanoes formed?
By alternating eruptions of fragmented materials.
What are some features of composite/ strato volcanoes
They are…
The most common type of volcano.
Made of layers of Lava and ash.
Have ash clouds when they erupt.
How are cinder volcanoes formed?
They are formed by layers of fragments of solid materials
Where is the core?
The Barysphere
Where is the mantle?
The Mesosphere
What is an example of a composite/strato volcano?
Mt. Vesuvius [Italy]
What is an example of a cinder volcano?
Inferno cone [USA]
Warning systems for Volcanoes and tsunamis are different from earthquakes. Why?
This is because the onset of a earthquake is faster than a tsunami or volcanic eruption. Its faster because an earthquake happens almost immediately while You can see a tsunami or eruption coming.
Why do people still live in danger zones? [3mks]
Poverty: some people cannot afford to move and live somewhere else.
Sentimental attachment: some people have lived in hazardous areas for long periods of time and don’t want to move.
Building design: People are now confident in their infrastructure and think that they can withstand small earthquakes.
What are some strategies to limit the damages caused by Hazards
Building designs
Home preparedness
defenses
Warning systems
What is a vent in a volcano
A volcanic vent is the place at the Earth’s surface where lava flows.
What is a warning system?
This is a system designed to alert people of the onset of Tsunamis and Volcanic eruptions.
what is a batholith
a type of igneous rock that forms when magma rises into the earth’s crust, but does not erupt onto the surface.
What is a dike in a volcano?
Cracks filled with magma under vocanoes
What does onset mean?
the beginning of something, especially something unpleasant.
What is used to measure magnitude?
seismometer
What is the difference of magma and lava?
Magma is found deep below while lava is magma above the surface.
