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Geography test on Tsunamis & Volcanoes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the rocky part of the crust called?

A

Lithosphere

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2
Q

What is the underwater part of the crust called?

A

Hydrosphere

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3
Q

What is a Constructive plate boundary?

A

When 2 plates of continental crust move away from each other.

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4
Q

What is a destructive/Convergent Plate boundary?

A

When the oceanic crust collides with the continental crust. The oceanic crust is forced down melting and destroying it.

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5
Q

What is a conservative plate boundary

A

This is when 2 plates slide past each other in the same or opposite direction

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6
Q

What is the main cause of an earthquake?

A

Movement of the Earth’s tectonic plates.

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6
Q

What are some damages caused by earthquakes?

A

Fires from broken gas pipes and electricity cables.
All infrastructure is destroyed.
Loss of lives and property.

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7
Q

What are some causes of tsunami?

A

Earthquakes ( most common)
Volcanic eruptions
Landslides
Seamount collapse
Meteorite impact.

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8
Q

What are some damages of tsunamis?

A

No clean water, food and shelter
Loss of lives due to drowning and injuries.
Destruction of infrastructure near the coast.

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9
Q

What are volcanoes?

A

These are structures where lava shoots out or erupts through the ground.

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10
Q

How do volcanoes erupt?

A

When magma beneath the earth’s crust is forced up to the surface.

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10
Q

What are the main types of volcanoes?

A

Shield volcano.
Composite or strato volcano.
Cinder volcano.

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11
Q

How is a shield volcano formed?

A

They are formed by frequent, gentle eruptions of runny lava that cools and hardens over time.

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12
Q

What are some features of shield volcanoes?

A

They have…
Gently sloping sides
Made of layers of solidified lava.

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13
Q

What is one example of a shield volcano?

A

Mauna loa, hawaii

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14
Q

How are composite/ strato volcanoes formed?

A

By alternating eruptions of fragmented materials.

15
Q

What are some features of composite/ strato volcanoes

A

They are…
The most common type of volcano.
Made of layers of Lava and ash.
Have ash clouds when they erupt.

16
Q

How are cinder volcanoes formed?

A

They are formed by layers of fragments of solid materials

17
Q

Where is the core?

A

The Barysphere

18
Q

Where is the mantle?

A

The Mesosphere

19
Q

What is an example of a composite/strato volcano?

A

Mt. Vesuvius [Italy]

19
Q

What is an example of a cinder volcano?

A

Inferno cone [USA]

19
Q

Warning systems for Volcanoes and tsunamis are different from earthquakes. Why?

A

This is because the onset of a earthquake is faster than a tsunami or volcanic eruption. Its faster because an earthquake happens almost immediately while You can see a tsunami or eruption coming.

19
Q

Why do people still live in danger zones? [3mks]

A

Poverty: some people cannot afford to move and live somewhere else.
Sentimental attachment: some people have lived in hazardous areas for long periods of time and don’t want to move.
Building design: People are now confident in their infrastructure and think that they can withstand small earthquakes.

19
Q

What are some strategies to limit the damages caused by Hazards

A

Building designs
Home preparedness
defenses
Warning systems

19
Q

What is a vent in a volcano

A

A volcanic vent is the place at the Earth’s surface where lava flows.

20
Q

What is a warning system?

A

This is a system designed to alert people of the onset of Tsunamis and Volcanic eruptions.

20
Q

what is a batholith

A

a type of igneous rock that forms when magma rises into the earth’s crust, but does not erupt onto the surface.

20
Q

What is a dike in a volcano?

A

Cracks filled with magma under vocanoes

20
Q

What does onset mean?

A

the beginning of something, especially something unpleasant.

21
Q

What is used to measure magnitude?

A

seismometer

22
Q

What is the difference of magma and lava?

A

Magma is found deep below while lava is magma above the surface.

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