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Gr4 Geography > Geography term 4 > Flashcards

Geography term 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is energy?

A

the power that makes thing work

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2
Q

list 6 ways we use water on a daily basis at home

A

bathing, showering & washing yourself
cleaning the house (mopping)
washing dishes
cooking
brushing your teeth
doing laundry (washing clothes)
flushing the toilet
drinking

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3
Q

list 6 uses of water outside of our homes

A

farming
factories
mining
gardening
generating electricity & other forms of energy
recreation (for fun & games)

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4
Q

Why do factories use water?

A

For cleaning and cooling their machines, air conditioners and many other processes to make things

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5
Q

how is water used in farming?

A

to keep crops growing
to feed the animals
to keep machines running and cool

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6
Q

How is water used in mines?

A

to keep them cool (mines get very hot underground, water is used in machines to cool the air and send it underground)
to separate gold and other things being mined

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7
Q

how is water used to make electricity?

A

By TURNING BIG MACHINES
- in power stations, water is boiled to make STEAM. The steam is used to turn big machines, which generate electricity by turning around and around
- some big dams use the energy of FALLING WATER to turn big machines that make electricity

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8
Q

how is water used for recreation?

A

swimming
skiing
surfing
diving

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9
Q

List the 6 steps of the water cycle

A
  • evaporation: heat changes sea water into water vapour
  • condensation: water vapour changes into drops of water
  • clouds form from the water drops
  • rain falls to earth from the clouds
  • rain water flows over the land into rivers
  • rivers take water down to the sea
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10
Q

Name the 5 dams that feed into Cape Town’s water system

A

Theewaterskloof Dam
Voelsvlei Dam
Wemmershoek Dam
Berg River Dam
Steenbras Dam

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11
Q

Where do we get freshwater in nature?

A

Precipitation
Wetlands
Rivers
Streams
Groundwater

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12
Q

What is precipitation?

A

Any state of water that falls from the sky, which
fills rivers, lakes, ponds and streams and
provides freshwater needed by humans, animals and plants
e.g. snow, rain, hail, sleet

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13
Q

What are rivers and why are they useful?

A

a large natural stream of water that FLOWS over land
carries freshwaters to people, plants and animals
it also provides a method of transport and water power

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14
Q

What is groundwater?

A

water located beneath the ground’s surface
in spaces between soil and
in fractures of lithological formations e.g. caves
comes from the surface
may eventually flow back to the surface naturally at springs or form oases or wetlands

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15
Q

What are wetlands?

A

areas where the land does drain well,
so the ground is saturated and full of water, and
often covered in shallow water
classified as swamps, marshes or bog

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16
Q

What are streams?

A

natural FLOW of water moving across countries and confined between banks
streans are smaller than rivers

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17
Q

what are resources?

A

useful things that people need and use in their lives

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18
Q

what is fresh water?

A

water that people and animals can drink, which is not salty

19
Q

what is salt water?

A

water that contains salts, which are not good for most plants and animals

20
Q

what is evaporation?

A

when heating changes a liquid into a gas called the vapour

21
Q

what is (water) storage?

A

to store water for usage when needed

22
Q

why is evaporation so useful?

A

it changes salt water into fresh water

23
Q

why do farmers store water in dams?

A

so that they always have water for crops and animals

24
Q

how do many people in settlements collect water to store (in case the taps run dry)?

A

collect and store rainwater

25
Q

List some ways to store water

A

in Jojo tanks (water tank)
in barrels
in dams
in buckets
in geysers

26
Q

what is a lake?

A

a large area of fresh water

27
Q

what is a borehole?

A

a type of well - people drill boreholes in the ground to find water

28
Q

what is a water treatment centre?

A

a place where water is cleaned and made safe to drink

29
Q

what is a dam?

A

an area of fresh water usually made when people build a WALL across a RIVER

30
Q

what is a reservoir?

A

a place where clean water is stored

31
Q

what is a pumping station?

A

a building that contains pumps that push water through water pipes

32
Q

how long do some villagers spend every day collecting water from the river?

A

2 hours

33
Q

what are the differences between a well and a borehole?

A

a well is a HOLE in the ground but a
borehole is much DEPPER and made with DRILLING MACHINES

To collect the water from
- a well: people lower BUCKETS
- a borehole: use PUMPS

34
Q

why do we need to use water trucks?

A

areas where there are NO rivers, boreholdes or taps

35
Q

how does water get from reservoirs to our homes?

A

the pumping station PUMPS the water through UNDERGROUND PIPES

36
Q

what are chemicals?

A

natural and human-made substnaces that we use in homes, factories and farms. Some chemicals are poisonours

37
Q

what are bacteria?

A

tiny life forms that can get into our bodies and make us sick

38
Q

what is sewage?

A

waste that comes from toilets and drains

39
Q

what are Sewage Treatment Works?

A

a place where poluted water is cleaned

40
Q

How is (natural) water polluted?

A
  • CHEMICALS from soaps and cleaning products used in houses, villages & factories wash into rivers, making UNSAFE to drink
  • Burning fuels lets of chemicals and DIRT into the air, which become part of the water cycle - rain washes them into rivers, soil and dams
  • toilets with harmful BACTERIA may LEAK into rivers
  • farmers use FERTILISERS & PESTICIDES that contain harmful chemicals
41
Q

where is sewage cleaned and what happens to it?

A

at sewage treatment works
the cleans water is put back into rivers and the sea

42
Q

how is water recycled?

A

when we clean used water and make it safe to drink

43
Q
A

Gr4 Geography (4 decks)

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