Geography - Svalbard

Question 1

Who owns Svalbard?

Answer 1

Norway - inside the arctic circle

Question 2

What are the development opportunities in Svalbard?

Answer 2

• 300 jobs in coal mining, the main economic activity, although environmental groups are against it - climate change
• 300 jobs in Fishing. Estimated 150 fish species in Svalbard
• 300 jobs in tourism industry. In 2011 70,000 people visited Svalbard to see the glaciers, northern lights ect. However, tourism can damage the environment.

Question 3

What are the development challenges in Svalbard?

Answer 3

• Extreme temperatures. In winter can drop below -30°, working outside is dangerous and people must dress very warmly
• Construction. Most construction have to work must take place in the summer due to low temperatures and limited light in the winter. Permafrost can also damage buildings if it melts so buildings are often constructed on stilts
• Accessibility - Svalbard can only be accessed by plane or ship. Most use snowmobiles to get around as there is only 50km of road.
• Services. Getting water, electricity and sanitation to buildings is difficult in Svalbard. Pipes must be built over ground to them from freezing or damaging the permafrost.