Geography - Coastal Landscapes Test Revision Flashcards
What is erosion?
The wearing away and removal of soil and rock by natural elements, such as wind and water, and by
human activity.
What is deposition?
The laying down of rock and soil material carried by rivers, wind, ice and ocean currents and waves.
How does erosion and deposition change and create landforms?
Erosion wears away the earth’s surface to change the shape of the landscape. Deposition constructs or
adds to landforms to create new or reshape landforms over long periods of time.
What states of matter does water go through in the water cycle?
Ice, liquid or gas.
What is evaporation?
When water (liquid) turns into water vapour (gas) and rises into the atmosphere
What is condensation?
When water vapour (gas) returns to water (liquid) and forms clouds
What is precipitation?
When water falls from the sky in the form of rain, hail, sleet or snow
Starting with evaporation, what is the order of the water cycle processes?
Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation, Repeat.
What is a bay and how are they formed?
A bay is a stretch of beach which is protected by 2 headlands either side of it. It is formed when soft rock is eroded by destructive waves.
What is a wave-cut platform and how are they formed?
Waves hit the base of a cliff, making a little cave. The hole weakens the rock above and this rock later collapses. This rock is then smoothed into a platform.
What is a headland and how are they formed?
A cliff that sticks out into the ocean and is surrounded by water on all three sides. It is formed by hard rock, so it is more resistant to erosion. It forms when the soft rock next to it erodes into a bay, and the headland is formed as it juts out of the coast.
What is a blowhole and how are they formed?
Rushing water can cause the roof of a cave to collapse, forming a blowhole. Waves entering the cave spray water upward through the collapsed roof.
What is a stack and how are they formed?
A vertical column of rock near the coast in the sea. Formed by wave erosion, starting with an arch, the arch gets bigger until it separates the stack from the mainland.
What is a cave and how are they formed?
A large space underground which has been eroded by waves. This is formed when waves hit the rock and it creates a hole in the cliff face.
What is an arch and how are they formed?
An arch is a hole in a headland which goes from one side to the other, thus making a bridge. The arch is formed when waves hit onto the side of the headland, creating this tunnel. The arch starts off as a cave before becoming an arch, and then creating a stack.