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World Geography > Geography and World Religions Final Study Guide 5/11/14 > Flashcards

Geography and World Religions Final Study Guide 5/11/14 Flashcards

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1
Q

When did Hinduism begin?

A

at least 2000BCE

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2
Q

Where did Hinduism develop and still flourishes?

A

India and Nepal

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3
Q

Hinduism’s roots in an ancient civilization which flourished between 3500 and 1500 BCE

A

Indus Valley Civilization

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4
Q

the unchanging ultimate reality which exists beyond the ever changing everyday world of appearances

A

Brahman

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5
Q

the sacred symbol or sound, many explanations that all lead to Brahman

A

Om, Aum

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6
Q

the soul in each living being

A

Atman

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7
Q

refers to a person’s actions good or bad

A

karma

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8
Q

Hindu society of thousands of groups, people are born into a social class

A

caste system

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9
Q

important life events marked by rituals and celebrations that all take place in front of a sacred fire

A

samskaras

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10
Q

5 day festival that marks the beginning of a new Hindu year between October and November

A

diwali

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11
Q

When and where a Buddhism developed?

A

In India about 2500 years ago

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12
Q

Became known as the Buddha, rich prince

A

Siddhattha Gotama

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13
Q

What does the Buddha mean?

A

The enlightened one

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14
Q

What was the big question for Hindus and eventually Buddhists?

A

Why people suffer

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15
Q

Freedom from the cycle of rebirth and suffering

A

Nirvana

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16
Q

Stats that all life involves suffering, cause of suffering is desire and attachment, desire can be overcome, to overcome, follow the eight fold path

A

Noble truths

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17
Q

The middle way followed by the Buddha as a code of living as a Buddhist

A

Eightfold path

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18
Q

Leader of the Vajrayuna Buddhism

A

Dalai lama

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19
Q

Celebration of Buddhas birth

A

Wesak

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20
Q

When was Sikhism founded?

A

About 500 years ago

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21
Q

founder of sikhism, first guru, grew up with muslims and hindus

A

guru nanak

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22
Q

How many Sikhs are there and where do they mostly live?

A

23 million, most live in the northwest Punjab region.

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23
Q

How many gods do Sikhs believe in?

A

One

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24
Q 
Guru Granth Sahib
What is it?
Do they worship it?
What type of writing is in it?
What do they do with it when they move it?
A

The Sikh holy book
No
Scriptures made up mainly of hums written by the Gurus expressing Sikhs beliefs
Raised above the head as sign of respect

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25
Q

Kesh, kangha, kachera, Kara, kirpan.

A

The five Ks

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26
Q

Sikh marriage ceremony means ceremony of bliss

A

Anand Karaj

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27
Q

How many gurus have there been?

A

Ten

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28
Q

How many years does Jewish history go back?

A

4000 years

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29
Q

Who is ethnically Jewish?

A

Anyone born of a Jewish mother

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30
Q

Nomadic people who lived in the Middle East

A

Hebrews

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31
Q

A Hebrew, father of the Jewish people

A

Abraham

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32
Q

1250 BCE, Israelites were freed from slavery in Egypt by a man named Moses

A

The exodus

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33
Q

After the exodus, Moses received this from god and told them to follow the set of laws

A

The 10 commandments

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34
Q

40 years after the exodus, Israelites reached the promise land called

A

Canaan

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35
Q

What did the exiled Israelites became known as

A

Jews

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36
Q

Communities of Jews living outside of Israel and said to be living in

A

Diaspora

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37
Q

Between 1871&1907, Russian Polish and Lithuanian Jews were victims of large scale massacres called

A

Pogroms

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38
Q

The worst persecution of Jews during WW2 by hitler

A

Holocaust

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39
Q

German dictator of WW2 controlled the nazis

A

Hitler

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40
Q

Jews who began to settle in Palestine during the 19th century

A

Zionists

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41
Q

Means teaching the first 5 books of the tenakh

A

Torah

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42
Q

How are religious Jews divided?

A

Two main groups, orthodox and non orthodox

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43
Q

Means a meeting place, a place to worship and learn more about their faith and meet other people, rectangular buildings with seats on 3 sides 4th side facing Jerusalem.

A

Synagogue

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44
Q

importance of the jewish home

A

made sure that the jewish faith is continued

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45
Q

Ten days after Rosh hashanah comes the day of atonement the most sacred day in the year and services are held continuously from morning to evening

A

Yom Kippur

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46
Q

Or pesach, help in march or April, marks the escape of the Israelites from Egypt

A

Passover

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47
Q

Jewish Festival of Lights

Celebrates Jewish rededication to the temple of Jerusalem

A

Hanukkah

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48
Q

Son of god, Christians believe in the teachings of a man who was called Christ a Jew, messiah

A

Jesus

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49
Q

How many followers are there?

A

Over one thousand million followers

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50
Q

Mother of Jesus virgin despite being a mother

A

Mary

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51
Q

When/why did people start turning against Jesus?

A

3 years after he began teaching because people thought he would overthrow the Romans and reestablish a Jewish kingdom

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52
Q

Last meal of Jesus before he was crucified shared bread and wine with his disciples bread symbolized his body, wine, his blood

A

Last supper

53
Q

Treating God’s name with disrespect

A

Blasphemy

54
Q

Sacred Christian book, divided into two parts, old and New Testament

A

Bible

55
Q

How many parts of the bible divided into?

A

2

56
Q

God as three persons: father son Holy Spirit

A

Trinity

57
Q

Major split between the two branches of the church

A

Great schism

58
Q

What started the reformation?

A

Criticism of the practices of the Catholic Church

59
Q

German monk who attacked the authority of the pope and church leaders wrote ninety five complaints opposed sale of indulgences

A

Martin Luther

60
Q

Main service in many churches, means thanksgiving and reenacting of the last supper where Christians eat a small piece of bread and sip wine

A

Eucharist

61
Q

Involves people having water poured on their head or being immersed, welcoming of people to the Christian faith

A

Baptism

62
Q

Holiest day of the year, remembrance of Jesus’s resurrection

A

Easter

63
Q

Also called Whitsun 7 Sundays after Easter, marks the day when god’s Holy Spirit is said to have come to the disciples in the form of wind and fire

A

Pentecost

64
Q

What does Islam mean?

A

Obedience to the will of Allah

65
Q

Who are Muslims?

A

Followers of Islam, means “obedient one”

66
Q

Became known as the messenger of Allah or the prophet, god revealed his message to him

A

Muhammad

67
Q

The one true god of Islam, means god in Arabic

A

Allah

68
Q

Tesla mic holy book, believed to be the word of Allah revealed to Muhammad so Allah is the author

A

Qur’an

69
Q

What is the overall purpose of the 5 pillars of Islam?

A

To show how Islamic beliefs should be put to action in daily life

70
Q

How did Muslims play a large part on the spread of learning?

A

Math, science and astronomy flourished in the Muslim world

71
Q

The Islamic empire that last the longest, it first spread out from turkey, 14 century to 1923

A

Ottoman Empire

72
Q

2 branches of Islam?

A

Sunni

Shi’ah

73
Q

Muslims go here to pray together and meet other Muslims

A

Mosques

74
Q

Significance of the star and crescent?

A

No religious significance, just associated with Islam because of its lunar calendar and because the Qur’an speaks of stars as being one of Allan’s signs

75
Q

What direction do Muslim’s face when they pray?

A

The Ka’bah in Makkah

76
Q

Means clear straight path, the religious laws of Islam which come from the Qur’an and the sunnah

A

Shari’ah

77
Q

For women, acting and dressing modestly

A

Hijab

78
Q

The inner struggle a person has to live a good life

A

Jihad

79
Q

The end of the ninth month where Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset holiest month

A

Ramadan

80
Q

The study of earth

A

Geography

81
Q

Half of the earth

A

Hemisphere

82
Q

The parallel that divides the earth into northern and Southern Hemisphere

A

Equator

83
Q

What do the five themes of geography help u organize and what are they and examples

A 
Information about the earth and its people
Location
Region
Place
Movement
Human-Interaction
84
Q

Two types of location

A

Relative

Absolute

85
Q

Are used to show political boundaries, names of countries and their capital cities

A

Political map

86
Q

Are used to show rivers, lakes, mountains and other physical features

A

Physical map

87
Q

Loss of accuracy

A

Distortion

88
Q

Considered to be the best world map available today

A

Robinson projection

89
Q

Name the cardinal directions

A

North east south west

90
Q

Orbit, how long does it take? What is it?

A

The path taken by a planet or a star, the earth takes 365 1/4 days for one orbit

91
Q

How far is the earth from the sun?

A

93 million miles

92
Q

Where 80% of the earths volcanoes are located at?

A

Ring of fire

93
Q

The average weather of a place over many years

A

Climate

94
Q

An area surrounded on three sides by water

A

Peninsula

95
Q

A narrow strip of water that connects 2 larger bodies of water

A

Strait

96
Q

A triangular deposit of sand and soil at the mouth of a river or inlet

A

Delta

97
Q

A narrow strip of land that connects to larger areas of land

A

Isthmus

98
Q

How many time zones are there?

A

24

99
Q

The study populations of the earth

A

Demography

100
Q

The average number of people per square mile

A

Population density

101
Q

People’s movement from one place to another

A

Migration

102
Q

People who move from country to another

A

Immigrants

103
Q

Factors that encourage people to leave a country and move to another country

A

Push/Pull factors

104
Q

The movement of people to cities and the growth of cities

A

Urbanization

105
Q

An economic system in which private individuals own most business

A

Capitalism

106
Q

An economic system in which the central govt owns farms factories and offices and everything

A

Communism

107
Q

Nations that have a lot of industry and advanced technology

A

Developed nation

108
Q

Nations with fewer industries and technology

A

Developing nations

109
Q

A govt where the citizens participate in decision making

A

Democracy

110
Q

NATO

A

North Atlantic treaty organization

111
Q

The parts of people’s environment that they have shaped and the technology that they used to shape it

A

Cultural landscape

112
Q

A grouping of people based on rank or status

A

Social class

113
Q

Consist of parents and children

A

Nuclear family

114
Q

Movement of customs and ideas from one place to another

A

Cultural diffusion

115
Q

At current rate, what is going to run out in less than 100 years

A

Oil and natural gas supplies

116
Q

The growth of machine powered production

A

Industrialization

117
Q

Another name for your natural surroundings

A

Environment

118
Q

Challenges that the environment throws at u

A

Environmental challenges

119
Q

The slow increase of earths temperature caused by pollution

A

Global warming

120
Q

Praying and showing humbleness to god

A

Worship

121
Q

The sacred writings of Christianity contains in the bible

A

Scriptures

122
Q

A journey to a place in search for spiritual significance

A

Pilgrimage

123
Q

A person who doesn’t believe in god

A

Atheist

124
Q

4th president father of the constitution

A

James Madison

125
Q

10 amendments that protect citizens rights

A

Bill of rights

126
Q

What principles was the Rhode Island colony found on?

A

Religious freedom, Roger Williams

127
Q

What rights does the 1st amendments protect?

A

Freedom of religion

128
Q

3 part test that is used to asses whether a law violates the establishment clause

A

Testing whether or not a persons rerligion affects their job in any way

World Geography (11 decks)

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