Geography and World Religions Final Study Guide 5/11/14 Flashcards
1
Q
When did Hinduism begin?
A
at least 2000BCE
2
Q
Where did Hinduism develop and still flourishes?
A
India and Nepal
3
Q
Hinduism’s roots in an ancient civilization which flourished between 3500 and 1500 BCE
A
Indus Valley Civilization
4
Q
the unchanging ultimate reality which exists beyond the ever changing everyday world of appearances
A
Brahman
5
Q
the sacred symbol or sound, many explanations that all lead to Brahman
A
Om, Aum
6
Q
the soul in each living being
A
Atman
7
Q
refers to a person’s actions good or bad
A
karma
8
Q
Hindu society of thousands of groups, people are born into a social class
A
caste system
9
Q
important life events marked by rituals and celebrations that all take place in front of a sacred fire
A
samskaras
10
Q
5 day festival that marks the beginning of a new Hindu year between October and November
A
diwali
11
Q
When and where a Buddhism developed?
A
In India about 2500 years ago
12
Q
Became known as the Buddha, rich prince
A
Siddhattha Gotama
13
Q
What does the Buddha mean?
A
The enlightened one
14
Q
What was the big question for Hindus and eventually Buddhists?
A
Why people suffer
15
Q
Freedom from the cycle of rebirth and suffering
A
Nirvana
16
Q
Stats that all life involves suffering, cause of suffering is desire and attachment, desire can be overcome, to overcome, follow the eight fold path
A
Noble truths
17
Q
The middle way followed by the Buddha as a code of living as a Buddhist
A
Eightfold path
18
Q
Leader of the Vajrayuna Buddhism
A
Dalai lama
19
Q
Celebration of Buddhas birth
A
Wesak
20
Q
When was Sikhism founded?
A
About 500 years ago
21
Q
founder of sikhism, first guru, grew up with muslims and hindus
A
guru nanak
22
Q
How many Sikhs are there and where do they mostly live?
A
23 million, most live in the northwest Punjab region.
23
Q
How many gods do Sikhs believe in?
A
One
24
Q
Guru Granth Sahib What is it? Do they worship it? What type of writing is in it? What do they do with it when they move it?
A
The Sikh holy book
No
Scriptures made up mainly of hums written by the Gurus expressing Sikhs beliefs
Raised above the head as sign of respect
25
Kesh, kangha, kachera, Kara, kirpan.
The five Ks
26
Sikh marriage ceremony means ceremony of bliss
Anand Karaj
27
How many gurus have there been?
Ten
28
How many years does Jewish history go back?
4000 years
29
Who is ethnically Jewish?
Anyone born of a Jewish mother
30
Nomadic people who lived in the Middle East
Hebrews
31
A Hebrew, father of the Jewish people
Abraham
32
1250 BCE, Israelites were freed from slavery in Egypt by a man named Moses
The exodus
33
After the exodus, Moses received this from god and told them to follow the set of laws
The 10 commandments
34
40 years after the exodus, Israelites reached the promise land called
Canaan
35
What did the exiled Israelites became known as
Jews
36
Communities of Jews living outside of Israel and said to be living in
Diaspora
37
Between 1871&1907, Russian Polish and Lithuanian Jews were victims of large scale massacres called
Pogroms
38
The worst persecution of Jews during WW2 by hitler
Holocaust
39
German dictator of WW2 controlled the nazis
Hitler
40
Jews who began to settle in Palestine during the 19th century
Zionists
41
Means teaching the first 5 books of the tenakh
Torah
42
How are religious Jews divided?
Two main groups, orthodox and non orthodox
43
Means a meeting place, a place to worship and learn more about their faith and meet other people, rectangular buildings with seats on 3 sides 4th side facing Jerusalem.
Synagogue
44
importance of the jewish home
made sure that the jewish faith is continued
45
Ten days after Rosh hashanah comes the day of atonement the most sacred day in the year and services are held continuously from morning to evening
Yom Kippur
46
Or pesach, help in march or April, marks the escape of the Israelites from Egypt
Passover
47
Jewish Festival of Lights
| Celebrates Jewish rededication to the temple of Jerusalem
Hanukkah
48
Son of god, Christians believe in the teachings of a man who was called Christ a Jew, messiah
Jesus
49
How many followers are there?
Over one thousand million followers
50
Mother of Jesus virgin despite being a mother
Mary
51
When/why did people start turning against Jesus?
3 years after he began teaching because people thought he would overthrow the Romans and reestablish a Jewish kingdom
52
Last meal of Jesus before he was crucified shared bread and wine with his disciples bread symbolized his body, wine, his blood
Last supper
53
Treating God's name with disrespect
Blasphemy
54
Sacred Christian book, divided into two parts, old and New Testament
Bible
55
How many parts of the bible divided into?
2
56
God as three persons: father son Holy Spirit
Trinity
57
Major split between the two branches of the church
Great schism
58
What started the reformation?
Criticism of the practices of the Catholic Church
59
German monk who attacked the authority of the pope and church leaders wrote ninety five complaints opposed sale of indulgences
Martin Luther
60
Main service in many churches, means thanksgiving and reenacting of the last supper where Christians eat a small piece of bread and sip wine
Eucharist
61
Involves people having water poured on their head or being immersed, welcoming of people to the Christian faith
Baptism
62
Holiest day of the year, remembrance of Jesus's resurrection
Easter
63
Also called Whitsun 7 Sundays after Easter, marks the day when god's Holy Spirit is said to have come to the disciples in the form of wind and fire
Pentecost
64
What does Islam mean?
Obedience to the will of Allah
65
Who are Muslims?
Followers of Islam, means "obedient one"
66
Became known as the messenger of Allah or the prophet, god revealed his message to him
Muhammad
67
The one true god of Islam, means god in Arabic
Allah
68
Tesla mic holy book, believed to be the word of Allah revealed to Muhammad so Allah is the author
Qur'an
69
What is the overall purpose of the 5 pillars of Islam?
To show how Islamic beliefs should be put to action in daily life
70
How did Muslims play a large part on the spread of learning?
Math, science and astronomy flourished in the Muslim world
71
The Islamic empire that last the longest, it first spread out from turkey, 14 century to 1923
Ottoman Empire
72
2 branches of Islam?
Sunni
| Shi'ah
73
Muslims go here to pray together and meet other Muslims
Mosques
74
Significance of the star and crescent?
No religious significance, just associated with Islam because of its lunar calendar and because the Qur'an speaks of stars as being one of Allan's signs
75
What direction do Muslim's face when they pray?
The Ka'bah in Makkah
76
Means clear straight path, the religious laws of Islam which come from the Qur'an and the sunnah
Shari'ah
77
For women, acting and dressing modestly
Hijab
78
The inner struggle a person has to live a good life
Jihad
79
The end of the ninth month where Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset holiest month
Ramadan
80
The study of earth
Geography
81
Half of the earth
Hemisphere
82
The parallel that divides the earth into northern and Southern Hemisphere
Equator
83
What do the five themes of geography help u organize and what are they and examples
```
Information about the earth and its people
Location
Region
Place
Movement
Human-Interaction
```
84
Two types of location
Relative
| Absolute
85
Are used to show political boundaries, names of countries and their capital cities
Political map
86
Are used to show rivers, lakes, mountains and other physical features
Physical map
87
Loss of accuracy
Distortion
88
Considered to be the best world map available today
Robinson projection
89
Name the cardinal directions
North east south west
90
Orbit, how long does it take? What is it?
The path taken by a planet or a star, the earth takes 365 1/4 days for one orbit
91
How far is the earth from the sun?
93 million miles
92
Where 80% of the earths volcanoes are located at?
Ring of fire
93
The average weather of a place over many years
Climate
94
An area surrounded on three sides by water
Peninsula
95
A narrow strip of water that connects 2 larger bodies of water
Strait
96
A triangular deposit of sand and soil at the mouth of a river or inlet
Delta
97
A narrow strip of land that connects to larger areas of land
Isthmus
98
How many time zones are there?
24
99
The study populations of the earth
Demography
100
The average number of people per square mile
Population density
101
People's movement from one place to another
Migration
102
People who move from country to another
Immigrants
103
Factors that encourage people to leave a country and move to another country
Push/Pull factors
104
The movement of people to cities and the growth of cities
Urbanization
105
An economic system in which private individuals own most business
Capitalism
106
An economic system in which the central govt owns farms factories and offices and everything
Communism
107
Nations that have a lot of industry and advanced technology
Developed nation
108
Nations with fewer industries and technology
Developing nations
109
A govt where the citizens participate in decision making
Democracy
110
NATO
North Atlantic treaty organization
111
The parts of people's environment that they have shaped and the technology that they used to shape it
Cultural landscape
112
A grouping of people based on rank or status
Social class
113
Consist of parents and children
Nuclear family
114
Movement of customs and ideas from one place to another
Cultural diffusion
115
At current rate, what is going to run out in less than 100 years
Oil and natural gas supplies
116
The growth of machine powered production
Industrialization
117
Another name for your natural surroundings
Environment
118
Challenges that the environment throws at u
Environmental challenges
119
The slow increase of earths temperature caused by pollution
Global warming
120
Praying and showing humbleness to god
Worship
121
The sacred writings of Christianity contains in the bible
Scriptures
122
A journey to a place in search for spiritual significance
Pilgrimage
123
A person who doesn't believe in god
Atheist
124
4th president father of the constitution
James Madison
125
10 amendments that protect citizens rights
Bill of rights
126
What principles was the Rhode Island colony found on?
Religious freedom, Roger Williams
127
What rights does the 1st amendments protect?
Freedom of religion
128
3 part test that is used to asses whether a law violates the establishment clause
Testing whether or not a persons rerligion affects their job in any way
