Geography 9 Flashcards
To change the growth of plants or behavior of animals in ways that are useful for humans
Domesticate
The period of time during which the introduction of agriculture led people to transition from nomadic life to settled life
Neolithic Revolution
Religion within the Fertile Crescent that lies between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
Mesopotamia
To supply water to
Irrigate
An independent state consisting of a city and its surrounding territory
City-state
Worship of many gods or deities
Polytheism
In the ancient Middle East, a system of writing that used wedge-shaped marks
Cuneiform
Where was the first place where the Neolithic Revolution occurred?
Southwest Asia was the first place where the Neolithic Revolution occurred.
Why were the Tigris and Euphrates River important to the Fertile crescent?
Tigris and Euphrates River both provide fertile soil for the Fertile crescent which provides rich soil good for crops.
Why could Mesopotamia’s geography be considered as a challenge to Sumerian farmers?
The heavy flood waters during the spring could wash away crops and potentially entire villages.
What did the Sumerians use to water their crops in the hot, dry summer?
The Sumerians would dig canals that were a few miles long and they would use the canals to irrigate crops.
How is food supply related to the population growth of Sumer?
The more food the more the population increased. Soon farmers grew more crops than needed and many people were able to pursue other jobs such as crafts people and tool makers.
Which people in each class had a distinct role within Sumerian society?
The upper class included the ruler, top officials, powerful priests, and wealthy merchants and landowners.
What did the Sumerians believe that their gods can control in every aspect of life?
They believed they could control wind, rain, and other elements of nature.
A territory containing several countries and ruled by a single government
Empire
What four achievements did the Sumerians discover?
The Sumerians were one of the first cultures to use bronze by mixing copper and tin; they made advancements in mathematics and astronomy and a form of writing called cuneiform.
A set of laws that governed life in the Babylonian empire
Hammurabi’s Code
The art of steering a ship from place to place
Navigation
An independent state that works with other states to achieve a shared military and political goal
Ally
What were the two city-states that were an example of the conflict in Sumer in 2450 BCE? How many people died during the battle
Umma and Lagash. Thousands of troops died during the battle.
Which Akkadian became king of the Sumerian city-state of Kish in 2300s BCE? How did he help solidify his power?
Sargon. The army conquered other city-states in Sumer and placed loyal Akkadian and important government and religious people.
Who was the king of Babylon in 1792 BCE, and what set of laws did he create?
Hammurabi was the King, and he created Hammurabi’s code which was a set of laws that governed life in the Babylonian empire.
Whose death led to the Babylonian empire collapsing, and what Babylonian advances lived on after the Babylonian empire collapsed?
The Babylonian empire collapsed after Hammurabi’s death in 1750 BCE after the collapse of technology, farming, writing, learning, and the law lived on.
Which group settled in central Turkey by the 1800s BCE, and what metals did they rely on to build their tools and weapons?
The Hittites, and they relied on Bronze and iron.
Who were the Phoenicians, what areas did they control, and what were their achievements?
The Phoenicians were experts in navigation or stirring a ship from place to place. They controlled parts of northern Africa when Egyptian rule ended in 1500 BCE. Their achievements were linking several diverse cultures and developing the Phonetic writing system.
Which culture was able to conquer neighboring regions in the 900s BCE with their iron weapons, and what eventually caused it to collapse?
The Assyrians. After becoming the largest empire in 700 BCE and conquering Egypt in the 600 BCE. The Assyrian empire collapsed after civil wars and attacks by present day Iran
Which empire took over Judah and where did they send them?
The Babylonoian empire took over Judah and forced them to live in Babylonia.
When and where did the Persian empire take place, and who eventually defeated them?
The Persians lived in what is now southwestern Iran around 550 BCE and they were eventually defeated by the Greeks and Alexander the Great (in 331 BCE).
