Geography 5 Flashcards
An object made by a human being, such as a tool or a weapon
Artifact
Hardened remains or imprint of living thing that existed long ago
Fossil
Nomadic person who survived by hunting, fishing, and gathering wild plants
Hunter-gatherer
Tools and skills that people use to meet their needs and wants
Technology
Practice of raising livestock on open pastures
Pastoralism
What types of objects do archeologists study to learn about the past?
Artifacts and fossilized bones.
Why do scientists believe that the first humans lived in Africa?
Because the oldest fossils have been found there.
While scientists agree that humans began in Africa, what do scientists disagree on?
Scientists disagree on which early species lead to modern humans.
Why did hunter-gatherers live in small bands?
Small bands could move easily and quickly and they required less food.
How did technology help Paleolithic humans survive?
By making tools out of stones, and they also used fire.
How would pastoralism in the Sahara have been different in 6000 BCE and 4500 BCE?
Pastoralism was possible in 6000 BCE but by 4500 BCE the Sahara was too dry to have enough grass to feed livestock.
What happened after some modern humans began to move out of Africa?
These modern humans migrated to Asia, Europe, Australia, and the Americas.
Why did some Africans take up pastoralism?
People took up pastoralism so that they could produce food more reliably than by hunting wild animals.
King of ancient Egypt
Pharaoh
Ruling family
Dynasty
System of many government officials who carry out government rules and regulations
Bureaucracy
Body that has been preserved so that it will not decompose
Mummy
Symbol that stands for a word, idea, or sound
Hieroglyphic
Payment from conquered peoples or to a more powerful country
Tribute
A writing surface similar to paper named after the papyrus reed that grew along the Nile River in ancient Egypt
Papyrus
How was the Nile River important in the development of civilization in ancient Egypt?
The flooding of the Nile made the soil fertile, so it could produce enough food to allow the civilization to develop.
How did increased food production allow some people to become merchants and artisans?
Rulers used the money they received in taxes to buy goods from these groups of workers, allowing them to make a living and specialize.
Explain the difference between a kingdom and a dynasty?
A kingdom is an area under the rule of a monarch, a queen or king. A dynasty is a family that controls the monarchy over a period of time.
How did the structure of Egyptian society support and maintain an Egyptian dynasty?
The social structure helped insure that each level of society did the work necessary to support the level above it, including the level at the top of the pyramid occupied by the Pharaoh.
Why was Egypt’s New Kingdom considered the most powerful of the three kingdoms?
It concord lands outside of Egypt in Africa and Asia.
Which groups helped the pharaoh rule Egypt?
Nobles, Priests, and Officials.
Why were Egyptians loyal to the Pharaoh?
They believed the Pharaoh was chosen by the gods to lead them, they believed that the gods would reward them for their loyalty to the Pharaoh after they died.
Were slaves in ancient Egypt enslaved for life?
No, slaves were freed once they had served for a certain period of time.
Did Egyptians believe that the same god controlled both death and the flooding of the Nile?
No, since the Egyptians believe in hundreds of gods each one probably had special powers or areas of influence.
What power did priests hold in Egyptian society?
People obeyed and served priests because they believed that priests could help them please their many gods which would ensure a good afterlife.
How was preservation of the body consistent with a belief in the afterlife?
Ancient Egyptians believed that the spirit would need to inhabit the body in the afterlife.
How did Egyptians prepare for the afterlife while still alive?
By living a good life that would please the gods and by planning to have their bodies preserved after death
Why was the Great Sphinx built?
To protect the great pyramids of Khoufu at Giza.
Name four advancements ancient Egyptians made in science.
1.) Used astronomy to
create a calendar
2.) Invented glass
3.) Developed medicines to
fight diseases
4.) Engineered advance Irrigation systems
How did Egyptians’ writing influence the civilization’s later achievements?
Because they could record their history and knowledge Egyptians could pass on information to future generations.
Why did Egypt conquer Kush ?
Egypt conquered Kush because Egyptians wanted to gain control of Kush’s gold and other resources.
How did Egyptian culture continue to flourish even after Kush conquered Egypt?
Kushuite leaders continued the practice they had learned while under the control of Egypt. This included building temples to honor Egyptian gods.
What were the two advantages of Kushites moving their capital to Meroe?
Kushites were able to better defend their capital city and establish an iron working center based on nearby iron deposits. Meroe was also in a good location for trade with central Africa.
